History of Economic Thought. The place of N. G. Chernyshevsky in the history of Russian and world economic thought (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. The place of N. G. Chernyshevsky in the history of Russian and world economic thought (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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63. THE PLACE OF N. G. CHERNYSHEVSKY IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN AND WORLD ECONOMIC THOUGHT

Proceedings N. G. Chernyshevsky (1828-1889) occupy a special place among the works of nineteenth-century economists. His work had a huge impact on his contemporaries and subsequent generations of revolutionaries.

Chernyshevsky defended the interests of the working people, especially the peasantry. In his works he criticized serfdom, as well as capitalism and Western political economy.

Chernyshevsky created a new economic theory - "the political economy of the working people", developed and substantiated the socialist doctrine.

Chernyshevsky wrote many works, but the most important economic work were written in the 1860s, including: "Capital and Labour", "Remarks on the book D. Mill "Foundations of Political Economy", "Essays from Political Economy on Millu", "Letter without an address."

Agrarian program of Chernyshevsky:

1) complete liquidation of landownership;

2) land - state property;

3) transfer of land for use by peasant communities;

4) in the future, the transition to large-scale collective farms, which are able to ensure the progress of production based on the wide application of the achievements of science and technology.

A lot of attention Chernyshevsky gave peasant community. Considering the preservation of the peasant community in Russia, Chernyshevsky considered it necessary to use it in socio-economic transformations and assigned it an important place in the structure of the agrarian system that was to be established after the abolition of serfdom. He believed that a system of land tenure and land use should be built on the basis of the community.

The Political Economy of the Working People dealt with all the fundamental questions of economic theory. Chernyshevsky rejected the definition of the subject of political economy as the subject of wealth. He called it the science of the material well-being of a person, of how much it depends on things and conditions produced by labor.

Chernyshevsky recognized merit Smith и D. Ricardo in the development of the labor theory of value. However, from the position of workers from the labor theory of value, it was concluded that the product must belong to the one whose labor it was created.

"Political Economy of the Working People" not like Western economists, she interpreted the problem of labor, its sale and purchase.

Chernyshevsky proceeded from the fact that labor is not a product, but represents a productive force, its source. And he concludes that, therefore, labor cannot be traded.

Chernyshevsky also did not limit himself to the position of the classics of Western political economy in relation to capital. He did different conclusion: since capital is the product of labor, it must belong to those who created it.

"Political Economy of the Working People" made a significant step forward in the interpretation of land rent.

Chernyshevsky defined rent as an excess of profit and criticized the "law" of diminishing soil fertility. He believed that there is rent from the worst plots, that is, absolute land rent.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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