History of Economic Thought. French mercantilism (most important)

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History of Economic Thought. French mercantilism (most important)

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15. FRENCH MERCANTILISM

More durable mercantilism rooted in France, which turned out to be economically better prepared for its perception and implementation thanks to:

1) more progressive forms of quitrents (rather than corvée);

2) the development of manufactories;

3) absolutism as a political force that could implement the policy of mercantilism.

French mercantilism receives industrial direction, frees itself from monetarism, focuses on achieving an active trade balance, and accelerates the economic development of France.

XVII century. becomes the classic era of French mercantilism.

Already policy of Henry IV was of a mercantile nature and led to broad patronage of foreign trade, the conclusion of trade agreements with England, Genoa, Spain, a ban on the export of valuable raw materials (silk, wool) and the import of textile goods. The colonization of Canada is encouraged, and with the help of privileges and subsidies, the manufacture of silk fabrics, tapestries, faience dishes, glass, mirrors, fine linen is planted.

During the time of Richelieu (1624-1642) these events are supported, and the famous Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683), the great French statesman, who was in charge of managing the French economy for almost a quarter of a century, made them a system and gave it a name.

Colbert was not involved in economic theory, but was a practical executor of mercantilist ideas, and French mercantilism is called Colbertism.

The main ideas of J. B. Colbert:

1) active planting of manufactories: inviting foreign craftsmen; issuing government loans to industrialists; all sorts of benefits from exemption from conscription to the right to believe in any god;

2) the creation of colonial companies (East India), the promotion of colonization;

3) according to Colbert, only foreign trade is able to provide abundance to subjects and give satisfaction to sovereigns, "trade is a constant war";

4) the power and greatness of the state are determined by the amount of money;

5) the capacity of the international market is a constant value, and therefore, in order to expand the rights of France, it is necessary to press the rest - England and Holland. In general, protectionism contributed to the development of industry, although not always in a capitalist form.

The growth of industry was at the expense of agriculture, which Colbert regarded as a source of funds for the state. Most major flaw in politics Colbert was that it left intact feudal relations, and they fettered the economic and social development of the country. Maybe the effort Colbert would have been a great success if the royal power had not set before him one main task: to squeeze out money at any cost for the war, which he waged endlessly Louis XIV, and for his yard.

Industrially strong French mercantilism did not give its program a complete theoretical justification. Despite the rich practice of mercantilism, there is practically no literature on French mercantilism.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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