Voltage converter on microcircuits, 12/24 volts. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Voltage converter on microcircuits, 12/24 volts. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Voltage converters, rectifiers, inverters

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To understand how a truck driver spends his working hours, you need to at least be one. The on-board voltage of trucks is 24 V, which is true for both domestic and imported trucks of this class.

Most of the assistant devices produced by the domestic and foreign industry for truck drivers (electric coffee makers, heaters, TVs, radios, CD players and much, much more) are designed for a supply voltage of 12 V.

A driver I know has repeatedly approached me with a request to fix a “burnt out” 24/12 V stabilizer adapter. This is understandable - branded stabilizer-converters cannot withstand overload when several powerful loads are used as consumers of their energy, and even accidentally short-circuit the output.

Replacing a stabilizer costs a significant amount of money (although a truck driver can afford to periodically replace such an electronic unit); repairs in a qualified workshop are also expensive, even though the malfunction is seemingly trivial. After fixing the third stabilizer block, I installed a small circuit in the old “proprietary” case (see Fig. 2.3), which works flawlessly for a long time.

Voltage converter on microcircuits, 12/24 volts
Rice. 2.3. Two simple converter circuits

In Fig. 2.3 above shows a diagram of a simple DC voltage stabilizer converter from 24 V to 12 V. The stabilizer produces a fixed output voltage of +12 V with a maximum permissible load current of 4 A. To do this, the microcircuit and the transistor must be installed on different radiators isolated from the body (vehicle ground) with a cooling area of 200 cm2 (as far as the housing allows, the larger the better). Resistor R1 type MLT-0,25.

In Fig. 2.3 below shows an option using a microcircuit - the KREN12A stabilizer. This option is the simplest, most reliable and universal, since, according to the parametric features of the microcircuit, it allows the output voltage to be adjusted within a wide range.

The chip also needs to be installed on the radiator. It provides an output load current of 3 A and has short circuit protection. The cost of the microcircuit is low. Its parameters are quite acceptable.

When DC power is supplied to the input of the device within 36-40 V, the output will have a stabilized, adjustable voltage from 1,2 V to 34-37 V with a load current of up to 3 A.

Output voltage adjustment. When it is necessary to set a fixed voltage on the stabilizer, for example 12 V, by adjusting a trimming resistor with a resistance of 5,6 kOhm, the desired output voltage is achieved, then the resistor is replaced with a constant one. After familiarizing yourself with this material, any driver who has even minimal practical knowledge of electronics (who knows how to use a soldering iron for its intended purpose) will be able to independently assemble the converter circuit and remove the problem of repairing this electronic unit.

The authors:. Kashkarov A. P., Koldunov A. S.

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