Help with fainting, heat and sunstroke. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Help with fainting, heat and sunstroke. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Providing first aid to the injured

Fainting - this is a sudden, short-term loss of consciousness (from a few seconds to several minutes) due to a sudden drain of blood from the brain. Fainting is usually preceded by dizziness, blackouts, ringing in the ears, and sometimes nausea and vomiting. Fainting can be the result of fright, severe pain, bleeding, a sharp change in body position from horizontal to vertical.

When fainting, the victim sweats profusely, the limbs become cold, the pulse becomes frequent and weak, breathing is shallow, the skin is pale.

When rendering assistance, the victim should be laid on his back so that his head is lower than the body, unfasten clothing that restricts breathing, provide fresh air, spray his face with cold water, give a cotton swab moistened with ammonia to sniff, lightly pat on the cheeks. An unconscious victim may vomit, so turn his head to the side. Putting cold lotions and ice on your head should not be. In a pre-fainting state, the victim should be given cold water or hot tea to drink.

Heat or sunstroke occurs as a result of significant overheating of the body and, as a result, a rush of blood to the brain. This happens when the heat balance is disturbed and the release of heat coming from outside and formed in the body is difficult for some reason. Overheating is predisposed by elevated ambient temperature, significant humidity, waterproof (rubberized, tarpaulin) clothing. Overheating is facilitated by heavy physical work, alcohol intoxication, lack of sleep, violation of the drinking regime and diet.

With heat stroke, the state of health worsens, weakness, a feeling of intense heat, redness of the skin, profuse sweating (sweat drips down), palpitations, shortness of breath, throbbing and heaviness in the temples, dizziness, headache, nausea, sometimes vomiting. Body temperature rises to 38-40 °C. The pulse rate reaches 100-120 beats per minute.

Heat stroke is characterized by the maximum accumulation of heat in the body (body temperature 41-42 ° C or more), clouding of consciousness up to its complete loss, convulsions of various muscle groups, respiratory and circulatory disorders. Possible hallucinations, delusions. The skin becomes dry and hot, the tongue is also dry, the pulse is thready and arrhythmic.

If heat stroke is not treated promptly, death is possible. Death occurs as a result of respiratory and circulatory disorders.

Sunstroke occurs when a person with an uncovered head is exposed to direct sunlight for a long time. The symptoms of sunstroke are the same as those of heatstroke. Help with heat or sunstroke is as follows: the victim must be quickly moved to a cool place; lay on your back, placing a bundle of clothes under your head; remove or unfasten clothing; moisten the head and chest with cold water; put cold lotions or ice on the head (forehead, parietal region, occiput) and inguinal, subclavian, popliteal, axillary regions, where many vessels are concentrated.

If a person is conscious, then he can be given strong cold tea or cold salted water to drink. When the victim has impaired breathing and no pulse, it is necessary to carry out the whole complex of resuscitation measures - artificial respiration and external heart massage.

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