How did Louis Pasteur's bacterial theory affect human lifespan? Detailed answer

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How did Louis Pasteur's bacterial theory affect human lifespan? Detailed answer

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How did Louis Pasteur's bacterial theory affect human lifespan?

Thanks to the scientific approach to the study of infectious diseases and their treatment, initiated by Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), the average life expectancy for both men and women in developed countries reached 1960 years in the 70s.

100 years earlier, even before Pasteur's discovery, it was only 40 years in the same developed countries under favorable living conditions, and even less - 25 years under unfavorable conditions.

Author: Kondrashov A.P.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

What is the Earth's atmosphere?

When we read about human exploration of the moon and planets, we often come across questions about the atmosphere. Do other planets have an atmosphere? As far as scientists know, no planet or star has an atmosphere similar to ours.

What is atmosphere? We can think of it as an ocean of air that surrounds the earth and is several hundred miles high. The ocean of air has the same composition throughout the earth. Basically it consists of certain gases, which always remain in the same proportion. About 78 percent is nitrogen, 21 percent is oxygen, and the remaining one percent is made up of gases that are called rare - argon, neon, helium, krypton and xenon.

The air that surrounds the Earth has the same chemical composition up to 18 miles, although this figure can go up to 44 miles. When you reach the upper atmosphere, you are at the top of what is called the troposphere. It is the layer closest to the Earth's surface. At an altitude of 18 to 31 miles from the surface of the Earth is a layer of hot air, with a temperature of about 42 degrees Celsius. The reason for the heating of this layer is the absorption of heat from the sun's rays by the ozone present here.

Ozone is a special form of oxygen where the molecule is made up of three oxygen atoms instead of the usual two. The hot ozone layer serves to protect us from the sun's most active rays - ultraviolet. Without it, we would not have survived the sunlight. Even higher is a layer, or several layers, called the ionosphere, which is located at an altitude of 44 to 310 miles above the earth. The ionosphere is made up of particles electrified by the Sun. Air molecules are in constant motion. The atmosphere can only be maintained if the molecules are constantly colliding with each other and cannot escape. But the higher you go, the thinner the air becomes.

It is very unlikely that a molecule from below will bounce back after colliding with a molecule from above. Therefore, the molecules go into open space, and the atmosphere is completely rarefied. There is a zone called the exosphere, where the torn off molecules move almost freely, and this zone starts at an altitude of 400 miles and extends up to 1500 miles.

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Cost of Stradivarius violins 30.03.2012

Of the approximately 1644 violins made by the eminent Italian luthier Stradivari (1737-650), XNUMX are known worldwide, and each is worth millions.

One of them, stored in the US Library of Congress, was recently copied. First, more than a thousand of its transverse and longitudinal "sections" were obtained on an X-ray computed tomograph. This data was then sent to a digitally controlled woodworking machine, which cut out exact copies of the violin parts from different types of wood. They are hand assembled, glued and varnished. Everything is reproduced, including traces of woodworm activity. True, nothing is reported about the sound quality.

The authors of the work intend to establish the production of inexpensive "stradivari".

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