History of Economic Thought. Economic views of M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economic views of M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky (the most important)

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64. ECONOMIC VIEWS OF M. I. TUGAN-BARANOVSKY

Liberal-reformist direction of Marxism in Russia ("legal Marxism") developed M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky, P. B. Struve, S. N. Bulgakov.

M. I. Tugan-Baranovsky (1865-1919) was one of the most popular, recognized in the country and abroad economists of the late XIX - early XX centuries. This was due to both the versatility of his scientific activity and the significance of the problems he developed. In his first book "Industrial Crises in England" (1894) he followed the ideas of the second volume of "Capital" K. Marx, but also noted that the mechanism of crises lies in the lack of banking resources.

He championed the idea the need for the development of capitalism in Russia, rejected the thesis of the populists about the strength of the peasant community, the usefulness of its preservation through the redistribution of land. Considering the economic evolution of England, Tugan-Baranovsky in contrast to the Narodniks, he asserts the thesis of the real existence and rapid growth of Russian capitalism.

The result of the study of Russian capitalism was the book "Russian Factory Past and Present" (1898). The handicraft industry, despite its widespread development in Russia, inevitably goes through various stages of subordination to capital. The capitalist factory is a higher form of organization of production.

Already after the 1890s. Tugan-Baranovsky departs from the orthodox perception of ideas Marx and one of the first to put forward the idea of combining the labor theory of value with the theory of marginal utility ("Theoretical Foundations of Marxism" 1905). He argued that the marginal utilities of freely reproduced economic goods are proportional to their labor costs. This ratio is called "Tugan-Baranovsky theorem".

labor cost - determining factor, usefulness of a good - determined factor.

Public demand Tugan-Baranovsky regarded as a manifestation of social need, public offer - as a result of the division of labor in various industries and spheres of production. Thus, the scientist singled out the objective and subjective factors underlying the price.

Tugan-Baranovsky built the concept of different levels of prices and values (values) and their methodological incompatibility with the theory of distribution ("The Social Theory of Distribution" 1913). He modified Marx's schemes of reproduction by introducing three subdivisions of social production and criticized Marx's "law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall".

The paper "Socialism as a positive doctrine" Tugan-Baranovsky considers the system of state socialism as one of the forms of social organization. He believes that elements of coercion persist until the person himself learns to subordinate his interests to the public.

Social ideal, according to the scientist, is not “social equality, but social freedom.

A society of completely free people - this is the ultimate goal of social progress. "However, the social ideal" will never be fully achieved," approaching it "consists the entire historical progress of mankind."

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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