8. ARISTOTLE'S TEACHINGS

The largest figure representing the economic thought of the ancient world is Aristotle.

Aristotle (384-322 BC) - the son of a court physician, in Athens he was a student Plato, after the death of the teacher, spent three years in Asia Minor, in 343 he became a teacher A. Makedonsky, after his death he was accused of atheism.

Aristotle much more than other contemporaries delved into specific economic problems. In his work "Nikamah Ethics" he developed a project of an ideal state in which he considered and recognized the need division of society into free and slave and the division of labor into mental and physical. He is dismissive of the craft and believes that it is low for people to engage in crafts.

Considering the activity of people, he refers one side of their activity to the natural sphere of the economy, and the other side to the unnatural sphere - chrematistics.

Economy in reasoning Aristotle It is represented by the most important and honorable activity of people of agriculture, those who are engaged in crafts and petty trade.

Its purpose - meet the vital needs of a person, and therefore it should be the object of public administration.

Chrematistics the thinker compares with the careless art of making a fortune through large trade transactions and usurious operations, its goal is limitless, since the main thing in this area is the possession of money.

В concepts about economics and chrematistics the position of Aristotle as a supporter of natural economy is visible. Idealizing the model of a slave-owning state system, he artificially simplifies the most important elements of economic life.

К costs of Aristotle's concept a dual characteristic of the exchange should be attributed. In one case, the exchange is regarded as an act of satisfaction of needs and allows us to interpret the use value of the goods as a category of economic spheres. And in another case, the exchange symbolizes an act of profit and gives grounds to consider exchange value as a category of chrematistics.

From the standpoint of this concept Aristotle demonstrates his aversion to large trade and lending transactions. He attributes such forms of trade as direct commodity exchange and commodity exchange through money to the sphere of chrematistics.

Aristotle said that usury rightfully causes hatred and is against nature, it makes banknotes an object of property, they lose the purpose for which they were created.

Considering education as a means of strengthening the state system, Aristotle believed that schools should be only public and in them all citizens, with the exception of slaves, should receive the same education, accustoming them to the state order.

Economic views Aristotle not separated from his philosophical teachings, they are woven into the general fabric of reasoning about the foundations of ethics and politics (the science of the state, managing people). In his treatises, one can feel the desire to isolate and understand certain categories and connections that later became the subject of political economy as a science.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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