History of Economic Thought. Economic views of P. J. Proudhon (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economic views of P. J. Proudhon (the most important)

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32. ECONOMIC VIEWS OF P. J. PROUDON

Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865) - a bright representative of the petty-bourgeois criticism of capitalism. AT 1840 BC his work comes out "What is property?". In it he gives the answer: “Property is theft.” IN 1846 BC labor comes out "The system of economic contradictions, or the philosophy of poverty". It contains program for the peaceful reconstruction of capitalism.

Proudhon - a representative of the petty bourgeoisie - protests against the big bourgeoisie and the oppression of the state.

Proudhon tried to explain the wrongness and injustice of the system by unequal exchange, which violates the law of labor value and allows the big bourgeoisie to rob the working people and the petty bourgeoisie.

Economic ideas of Proudhon:

1) property has positive and negative sides.

Negative side of ownership - Violation of equality between people.

Polishing - Independence, autonomy and freedom. Small property has more positive qualities, large property has more "negativity". Small property must be preserved and large property must be abolished;

2) the most important in his teachings is theory of value. He calls the value of a commodity recognized by the market constituted. In order to avoid crises, it is necessary to establish value in advance, that is, not to produce unnecessary goods. A sale is not equal to a new purchase, since part of the money is saved in the form of savings, and therefore does not participate in commodity-money relations, thus reducing the money supply in relation to the commodity supply.

In order for all goods to find their buyer, it is necessary to make sure that there is nothing to accumulate, i.e. cancel money. To prevent crises it is necessary replace money relations with barter. An example of a constituted commodity is gold and silver;

3) cause of the crisis of overproduction Proudhon considers the discrepancy between wages and the cost of the commodity mass. The commodity mass is greater than the main consumers - workers - can spend on it. Wages cannot provide sufficient demand, since the bourgeoisie adds to the cost of goods the interest that it must pay to the banker for providing a loan. The solution is to organize National Bank, which would issue a free loan. Such reforms would lead to the establishment of a new system. Everyone would work, exchange equal amounts of labor, and economic equality would be established. And if the industrialist had abandoned the political struggle, a new system would have been established;

4) in 1845-1847 an idea appears "progressive association"where to economic ideas Proudhon the idea of renunciation of state power is added. All management functions are performed voluntary associations of workersbuilt on the principles of democracy. For the idea of complete rejection of the state Proudhon received a title in history "father of anarchy".

5) Proudhon's main idea: not to destroy capitalism and its basis - commodity production, but to cleanse this basis of abuses; not to destroy exchange and exchange value, but, on the contrary, to constitute it, to make it universal, absolute, fair, devoid of fluctuations, crises.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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