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Received a new crystalline form of silicon

14.06.2021

Scientists from the Carnegie Institution in Washington have come up with a way to obtain a new crystalline modification of silicon. It can become the basis of new types of microelectronics.

Silicon is widely used by people in various fields: from construction to optics and microchip production. The crystal lattice of this modification of silicon is similar to that of carbon diamond. The elements are similar in many ways, but while carbon already has many known allotropic forms, silicon is just beginning to discover them.

A few years ago, scientists managed to obtain a modification of Si24 - a flat structure composed of five-, six- and eight-atomic rings. The pores in these rings can serve as two-way channels for charge transport, which makes the material promising for electronics and electrical engineering. And now scientists have learned how to turn Si24 into a new form of silicon.

Heating Si24 leads to the formation of a layered structure, which consists of hexagonal rings, the layers in which are repeated in groups of four. The new structure was named 4H-silicon.

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Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Machine for thinning flowers in gardens 02.05.2024

In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers. ... >>

Advanced Infrared Microscope 02.05.2024

Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>

Air trap for insects 01.05.2024

Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>

The threat of space debris to the Earth's magnetic field 01.05.2024

More and more often we hear about an increase in the amount of space debris surrounding our planet. However, it is not only active satellites and spacecraft that contribute to this problem, but also debris from old missions. The growing number of satellites launched by companies like SpaceX creates not only opportunities for the development of the Internet, but also serious threats to space security. Experts are now turning their attention to the potential implications for the Earth's magnetic field. Dr. Jonathan McDowell of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics emphasizes that companies are rapidly deploying satellite constellations, and the number of satellites could grow to 100 in the next decade. The rapid development of these cosmic armadas of satellites can lead to contamination of the Earth's plasma environment with dangerous debris and a threat to the stability of the magnetosphere. Metal debris from used rockets can disrupt the ionosphere and magnetosphere. Both of these systems play a key role in protecting the atmosphere and maintaining ... >>

Solidification of bulk substances 30.04.2024

There are quite a few mysteries in the world of science, and one of them is the strange behavior of bulk materials. They may behave like a solid but suddenly turn into a flowing liquid. This phenomenon has attracted the attention of many researchers, and we may finally be getting closer to solving this mystery. Imagine sand in an hourglass. It usually flows freely, but in some cases its particles begin to get stuck, turning from a liquid to a solid. This transition has important implications for many areas, from drug production to construction. Researchers from the USA have attempted to describe this phenomenon and come closer to understanding it. In the study, the scientists conducted simulations in the laboratory using data from bags of polystyrene beads. They found that the vibrations within these sets had specific frequencies, meaning that only certain types of vibrations could travel through the material. Received ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Magnetic monopoles in a cold quantum gas medium 09.07.2018

It is known that magnets shaped like a ball, rectangle or horseshoe always have two magnetic poles. And if you split the magnet into two parts, you get two new magnets with two poles. However, according to some physical theories, unipolar magnetic formations can exist in the world, similar to electric charges, which are either positive or negative. One of these magnetic formations, the Young's monopole, may exist from the point of view of high-energy physics, but none of the scientists has yet had a chance to "see" this monopole live, even in laboratory conditions.

A group of physicists from the Joint Quantum Institute (JQI) succeeded for the first time in creating an analogue of the Yang monopole based on a quantum gas from supercooled rubidium atoms. And this achievement can be used in the future for a deeper insight into already known areas of physics and new areas that have not yet been covered by human science.

In order to detect the Yang monopoles that exist in a quantum gas, scientists, using radio waves and microwave rays, aligned all the spins of quantum gas atoms in a special way. Periodically repeating combinations of four different orientations of rotation of atoms, the researchers made these atoms move in space-time, while each atom returned to the starting point after a while.

As each atom completed its full circle, the scientists measured its spin and compared it to its original spin. It was found that the spin of the atom did not correspond to the original, and small differences, according to the assumptions, could arise due to the fact that the atoms moved in a curved space-time continuum. Having calculated the parameters of the curvature of the continuum, the scientists determined that they exactly correspond to the curvature created, from the point of view of the theory, by the Young monopole.

In order to test that the curvature of the continuum is indeed caused by the presence of a Yang monopole, the researchers made the atoms move in different ways, even those that should go around the area of ​​\uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe curvature and distortion created. The atoms moving along this path, returning to the starting point, had the same spin as at the very beginning, which indicated that they managed to avoid the influence of the monopole.

Using the approach described above and directing the atoms in different ways, the researchers determined that the Yang monopole is a topological phenomenon, i.e. it has a certain size and shape. And in their further research, scientists will find out how it will be possible to make Yang's monopoles work for the benefit of mankind in a wide variety of quantum technologies.

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