History of Economic Thought. Economic Thought in Ancient Rome (Most Important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economic Thought in Ancient Rome (Most Important)

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5. ECONOMIC THOUGHT IN ANCIENT ROME

Successes Ancient Rome in the multiplication of material wealth based on slave labor. The main area of application of slave labor in ancient Rome was agriculture, which left its mark on the nature of economic thought, which mainly solved agrarian problems.

For the Roman patricians, commerce, crafts, production, in addition to occupations related to land, agriculture, were considered unworthy. The main attention was drawn to the issues of the practice of economic activity, the organization of the management of the land latifundia.

Cato. In the 3rd century. BC e. The Roman state rose, in which, along with large latifundia, there were slave-holding farms closely connected with the market. The latter was defended by Cato. His main work is "Agriculture". Cato is a military leader, quaestor, consul in Spain, a talented orator and an observant historian; he had a thorough knowledge of agriculture.

Cato's views:

1) of all types of economic activity, he valued occupations related to agriculture above all;

2) considered profit as an excess over value, which he erroneously reduced to production costs;

3) was against the use of hired labor, he sought to provide income from slaves and paid much attention to the organization of their labor;

4) demanded the maximum load and regulation of the working day of slaves. Fearing harmony among them, Cato demanded that quarrels be maintained between them and exhaust them with labor.

"However, slave labor in agriculture was unproductive, and Cato subsequently advocated pasture farming, and then began to justify trade and usury.

Gracchi (Tiberius and Gaius). In centuries BC uh. An economic and political crisis began to develop in the Roman state. An attempt to stop it was made by the Gracchi brothers, who put forward agrarian reform project.

They demanded:

1) limit large land ownership;

2) to strengthen the position of the ruined peasants.

But in their struggle against the big slave owners, the Gracchi perished.

Varro. sought to strengthen the latifundia Varro - scientist, agronomist, archaeologist and historian. Considering the growth of commercial agriculture, Varro made it his task to substantiate the receipt of sustainable crops in the country and argued the need for a union between agriculture and animal husbandry.

Varro spoke out for the maximum exploitation of slaves (his main work is treatise "On Agriculture").

Columella. In connection with the intensification of the crisis of the slave latifundia, a criticism of the mistreatment of slaves.

Columella's views:

1) pointed out the lack of reasonable firmness towards slaves;

2) expressed the need to strive for an intensive economy by using the scientific achievements of his time;

3) called for the production of goods for the market, and not to be content with the consumption of goods produced in one's own household;

4) defended the need to increase the productivity of slaves and the division of labor between them.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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