History of Economic Thought. Analysis of the process of monopolization of the economy (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Analysis of the process of monopolization of the economy (the most important)

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56. ANALYSIS OF THE PROCESS OF MONOPOLIZATION OF THE ECONOMY

An analysis of the process of monopolization of the economy was carried out representatives of the historical school (the last third of the XNUMXth century), who drew attention to the strengthening of monopolization, and called this stage imperialism. Marxists also analyzed the process of monopolization of the economy. These schools noted the characteristic feature of imperialism - the seizure of colonies - and considered it as a political phenomenon.

Schumpeter - representative of institutionalism - did not agree with this in the work "Sociology of Imperialism", in which he argues that capitalism and aggression are incompatible, since commodity relations form a type of person who seeks to solve problems peacefully, to obtain the necessary benefit through a fair deal, and not violence.

imperialist politics cannot be deduced from the economic relations of capitalism, but must be based on the irrationality of man, habits, customs, psychology, inherited by man from feudalism.

The theory of "organized capitalism" (historical school) considers the charitable role of industrial and banking monopolies as factors in streamlining production, eliminating crises of overproduction.

V.I. Lenin in "Imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism" (1916) notes that the basis of the development of society is the development of productive forces.

The basis of monopolization is a series of major discoveries of the last third of the XNUMXth century, which led to change in the structure of the national economy:

1) the basis of the economy has become heavy industry, in which the concentration of capital production is higher than in light industry;

2) production is concentrated in several large enterprises, and there are opportunities for an agreement between them;

3) the process of concentration takes place in the banking sector, banking monopolies arise;

4) financial capital and a financial oligarchy are formed (the result of the merging of banking and industrial capital), which strive for world domination, hence the struggle for the redivision of the world. Changes that have taken place in the economic and political sphere, Lenin withdraws from the process of monopolization of the economy.

Monopolization - the result of the concentration of production, which makes it possible to receive monopolistically high profits on the basis of monopolistically high prices.

A. Smith assumed that monopolization arises on a natural (for example, the irreproducibility of production conditions) or legal basis (granting privileges).

Smith monopoly price regarded as the highest price that can be obtained, in contrast to the natural price (the free market price), which represents the lowest price that can be settled. Here the monopoly price Smith interprets it as the demand price, and the natural price as the supply price.

Research pricing processes in a monopolized economy served two published simultaneously work - "The Theory of Monopolistic Competition" (1933) by E. Chamberlin и "The Economic Theory of Imperfect Competition" (1933) by J. Robinson.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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