History of Economic Thought. Social utopia of T. More (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Social utopia of T. More (the most important)

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13. T. MORA'S SOCIAL UTOPIA

A specific sign of utopia lies in its speculativeness, separation from reality, impracticability in the ways proposed by the authors of the projects.

Social utopias express the protest of the masses of the people against the dying feudalism and emerging capitalism. The remnants of serfdom and despotic absolutism choked the peasants, and capitalism, replacing the old system, meant landlessness, expropriation. Capitalism increased the ranks of hired workers in manufactories, becoming hard labor for them. It is for this reason that utopias were anti-feudal and anti-capitalist in nature. Once again, the idea of the community is gaining ground.

Under such conditions, there utopian doctrine, the founder of which was Thomas More. He comes from a wealthy family of hereditary citizens of London. The main creation Thomas More has become "Utopia" (1516).

The main ideas of "Utopia".

1. Criticism of feudal and early capitalist society.

More exposes the parasitism of the aristocracy, the clergy, the army of servants, the mercenary troops and the unbridled desire of the upper classes for luxury with a complete lack of concern for workers. He sees the solution to the problem of crime in the abolition of social contrasts, caring for workers, protecting their land allotments, providing work for the landless, etc.

More puts forward ideas, innovative for his time, that punishment should re-educate, not frighten; on the proportionality of crime and punishment; on the replacement of the death penalty by forced labor.

Mop sharply criticizes feudal rulers who see their vocation in conquest, and not in public improvement. Mor sees the root of social injustice in private property.

2. Ideal social and government system.

On the island of Utopia there is no private property, no money circulation, full equality. The basis of society is the family and work collective. Work is obligatory for everyone. All citizens master some kind of craft and take turns doing agricultural work, moving to the countryside for two years to do this. To prevent the development of possessive instincts, families regularly exchange houses. Collectivism is also fostered by sharing meals between citizens.

However, the backwardness of the technical base forces Mora make some compromise with the principle of equality. To perform unpleasant work, the Utopians resort to slave labor. True, the number of slaves is small. They become prisoners of war, citizens of Utopia, convicted of crimes (the death penalty is prohibited on the island).

The political system of Utopia is imbued with the principles of democracy and is based on election of all officials.

The main concern of the state - organization of production and distribution. Along with this, it fights crime, ensures the protection of the country from aggression and pursues a foreign policy aimed at ensuring peace. However, this does not prevent the Utopians from providing armed assistance to their friends in the name of defending justice.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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