History of Economic Thought. Utopian dreams of R. Owen (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Utopian dreams of R. Owen (the most important)

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43. R. Owen's Utopian Dreams

Utopia Robert Owen (1771-1858) distinguished by realism and practicality. He dreamed of a society where, along with a huge increase in production and wealth, man himself would develop harmoniously, where the value of the human person.

The purpose of his experiments: find out the decisive influence of the environment on the formation of a person's character. under the word "Wednesday" he understood the entire spectrum of human life conditions - from material conditions to the moral climate. He believed that it was possible to create a good moral climate in society through the education of people by an enlightened and humane leader.

At the heart of the views Owen lies the labor theory of value D. Ricardo. But unlike him Owen considers that, in fact, under capitalism, exchange is not carried out according to labor.

labor exchange assumes that the worker receives the full value of the goods produced by him.

Economic views Owen were associated with his plan for a radical transformation of society, including industrial relations. Fair exchange at labor cost requires liquidation of the capitalist system. Only in society no private property the worker will give his labor "at full value".

cell of communist society Owen is a small cooperative community with a desirable number of members from 800 to 1200. Private property and classes in the communities are completely absent, everyone works together, without capitalist employers. The only difference may be in age and experience.

In 1800 Owen became a co-owner of a spinning and weaving enterprise in Scotland. IN 1802 Owen moves on to solving social problems:

1) called on everyone to discipline, cleanliness, order, and organization. All offenses were punished only by administrative and moral measures (public discussion and condemnation), there were no punitive measures;

2) created elementary human conditions of work and life for workers and received a return both in the form of increased labor productivity and in the form of social improvement. There appeared organizational and social activity of workers, elements of self-government;

3) real per capita income has become higher than in other settlements; wages were paid even during the period of forced shutdown of the enterprise due to the crisis;

4) shortened working day from 13-14 h (as everywhere else at that time) to 10,5 h;

5) introduced pensions for the elderly, organized mutual aid funds;

6) built tolerable dwellings for workers and rented them out for a reduced fee;

7) organized fair retail trade at discounted prices;

8) created many schools for children, facilitating their work in the factory.

Owen became a preacher communist model for the whole world. He was also organizer first British trade unions.

В 1832 BC he organized Fair Labor Exchange.

В 1833-1834 Owen led an attempt creation of the first general national trade union, which united up to half a million members.

Many of his ideas were embodied only in the XNUMXth century. (for example, social engineering and paternalism).

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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