History of Economic Thought. Economic views of V.I. Lenin (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economic views of V.I. Lenin (the most important)

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66. ECONOMIC VIEWS OF V. I. LENIN

Radical direction of Russian Marxism led V. I. Lenin (1870-1924). His numerous works are permeated with the idea of the inevitability of the movement of Russian capitalism towards the proletarian revolution and the possibility of building socialism in Russia, despite its economic backwardness from the West.

All questions of the transformation of society Lenin solved with the help of revolutionary violence carried out by the proletariat led by the Marxist party.

V.I. Lenin wrote several works on economic topics, but the largest among them was the book "The Development of Capitalism in Russia" (1899), in which Marxist theory was applied to the analysis of Russian economic development. Lenin, using official statistics, described the development of the national market as a result of the strengthening of the social division of labor. Industry is moving to a machine-factory basis, in agriculture the peasantry is being split into wealthy (kulaks) and poor (proletarianizing) producers, landowner farms are becoming increasingly commercial in nature. Cities and urban populations are growing. All this characterizes the transformation of the feudal system of Russia into a capitalist one, which means that the country does not have any special path of development. It is moving in the general mainstream of world progress - towards developed capitalism, and then towards socialism.

important work Lenin in the analysis of contemporary society was the work "Imperialism as the highest stage of capitalism" (1916).

In her Lenin defines the characteristic features of capitalism in the late XIX - early XX centuries. and formulates the main tendencies of the capitalist economy. In his opinion, imperialism is decaying, parasitic and dying capitalism. It has entered an era of deep aggravation of all its contradictions, which means nothing less than a general crisis of capitalism. At this stage, complete preparations for the socialist revolution take place.

Followers of this concept Marx и Lenin continued until the 90s. XX century, when socialism fell into a general crisis and its collapse occurred.

The doctrine of socialism Lenin initially developed in accordance with the principles of the "Manifesto of the Communist Party" K. Marx и F. Engels. He stood on positions:

1) complete elimination of private property and transition to public ownership;

2) liquidation of market relations;

3) nationalization of the entire economy;

4) implementation of centralized management of the economy.

However, the complete collapse of the Russian economy and social protest against the policy of the Bolsheviks forced Lenin develop the principles of a new economic policy. There was a revival of private property, the market, money, entrepreneurship, but with the preservation of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Lenin tried to find a way gradual transformation of capitalism into socialism through economic calculation and cooperation. However, these ideas turned out to be utopian. All elements of market relations and economic democracy were destroyed in the 1930s. through mass terror.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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