35. ECONOMIC VIEWS OF THE DECABRISTS

The most famous economic views P. I. Pestel, N. I. Turgenev and M. F. Orlov.

1. Pavel Ivanovich Pestel (1793-1826) - author "Russian Truth". It outlined an order to the future government to radically transform the Russian economy. He condemned the activities of the English and French bourgeoisie.

Pestel opposed the assertion of Western economists that the formation of peasant wealth is a sign of people's well-being.

The cause of social evil in society is private ownership of the means of production. Possessing other people as property is evil. But he was not opposed to private property in general. He believed that it was necessary to rationally combine all types of property. Peasants must become free farmers.

Pestel's agrarian program included the following provisions:

1) abolition of serfdom;

2) liquidation of privileges;

3) giving everyone the right to engage in activities that bring profit;

4) all the land must be divided into parts and half transferred to the peasants.

Pestel believed that in Russia there should be industrial development, despite the fact that he was a supporter of the development of agriculture.

Pestel advocated protectionism.

Foreign trade needs to be regulated, protect the national commodity producer from foreign competitors.

In the field of finance, it is necessary to introduce equal taxation for all segments of the population, eliminate the privileges of the nobles.

2. Nikolai Ivanovich Turgenev (1789-1871) - one of the founders "Prosperity Union" и "Northern Society" . In his views, he is close to liberals.

His main works: "On the new structure of the peasants", "Russia and the Russians", "Experience in the theory of taxes". In the first two works, he pays attention to the development of agriculture. It is impossible without abolition of serfdom, which will lead to capitalist development of agriculture, this is beneficial for everyone. The land should remain only the property of the landowners.

Turgenev developed several land distribution options:

1) leave the peasants without land on the initiative of the emperor;

2) to carry out the liberation of the peasants with a small plot of land. Peasants will be hired workers.

Turgenev spoke against protectionism, supported the theory of free trade. He condemned the poll tax, the personal dependence and conscription of peasants, and the unpaid labor of peasants for landowners.

В areas of taxes there should be equality before the state, everyone should pay the same taxes, they should be moderate. He advocated for regulation of the issuance of paper money to cover the budget deficit, was a supporter of the use of government loans.

3. Mikhail Fedorovich Orlov (1788-1842) - Decembrist.

Main labor - "Experience in the theory of state credit". For the first time in Russian economic thought, it substantiated the need for state lending to the economy.

Credit is an ingenious way to share. He distinguished between private and public credit: the owner of a private credit takes care of both its return and the return of interest; government credit is only intended to get the money back.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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