History of Economic Thought. Economics and mathematics school in Russia (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economics and mathematics school in Russia (the most important)

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Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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67. ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL SCHOOL IN RUSSIA

The use of mathematics in economics demonstrates the symbiosis of sciences.

Physiocrats They used mathematics and statistics to prove their assumptions. Works have appeared in Russia that consider the application of mathematical methods.

This trend appeared in the middle of the XNUMXth century. and consisted of two approaches:

1) research by professional mathematicians who applied their knowledge to analyze economic phenomena;

2) studies of professional economists who used the mathematical apparatus for their economic doctrines.

Among the first such scientists are V. K. Dmitriev, E. E. Slutsky.

He paid special attention to mathematics in economics. V. K. Dmitriev. is he tried to combine Ricardo's theory of production costs with the theory of marginal utility. The price is determined simultaneously by the conditions of production and the conditions of consumption. Evidence of the unity of the theory Ricardo and marginal utility, he expressed using two mathematical models of prices.

В first model he compiled a system of equations that is sufficient to determine the prices of all goods, based on the theory of production costs. In the second model Dmitriev tried to reduce all production costs to labor costs as a primary factor.

Dmitriev's model was built taking into account the elements of capital.

In this way, Dmitriev tried to connect mathematics with economics, and this connection made it possible to do the following findings:

1) the main provisions of the theory are fulfilled only in the absence of economies of scale;

2) if the position of the theory is not met, then prices depend on demand, and it is impossible to find an equilibrium price. Demand affects the price.

Dmitriev applied mathematics to define the concept of "potential and actual productivity".

Actual Performance - this is the productivity that produces at the moment, potential - which can be obtained with given opportunities.

The theory of consumer behavior by E. E. Slutsky.

work E. E. Slutsky (1880-1948) according to the mathematical interpretation of consumer behavior are considered classical.

Slutsky used a mathematical apparatus to study the dependence of the demand for a certain good both on its price and on the price of other goods, as well as the relationship between changes in prices and incomes. When analyzing demand, he distinguishes two components: a change in relative prices with a stable real income of the consumer and a change in income with price stability.

First component describes a situation in which the consumer remains on the same indifference curve; There is a "substitution effect" here.

Second component reflects the situation in which the consumer moves from one level of indifference to another. Assumed Slutsk mathematical expression "substitution effect" widely used by modern science. Also recognized were those put forward Slutsky "integrability conditions", used to empirically test the utility function.

Slutsky I thought that utility category It is formed under the influence of price and income categories, which also form the system of consumer preferences.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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