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33. ECONOMIC VIEWS OF M. M. SPERANSKY
The main representative of the noble economic thought of Russia at the beginning of the XNUMXth century. was Mikhail Mikhailovin Speransky (1772-1839). The most complete financial and economic problems of Russia M. M. Speransky outlined in work "Finance Plan".
Methodological basis of views M. M. Speransky was labor value theory, put forward by the classics of political economy A. Smith и D. Ricardo.
M. M. SperanskyAs D. Ricardo, I thought that “the wealth of the state is formed and increases through labor”. He rightly argued that metallic money was unable to satisfy all the needs of “private and public affairs,” and therefore advocated banknotes and credit papers.
The "Finance Plan" called for "strong measures and important donations." These strong measures were:
1) withdrawal of banknotes from circulation and formation of capital for their redemption;
2) to reduce the income of all government departments;
3) establishing strict control over public spending;
4) the device of the monetary system;
5) development of trade (both internal and external);
6) establishment of new taxes.
Speransky managed to implement that part of the project, which involved cost reduction.
Special redemption capital, necessary to cover the banknotes that were declared public debt, was created through the sale of state property into private ownership (state forests, rental estates, etc.)
A duty on distillation was introduced, a new census was carried out, which revealed a clear number of taxpayers.
M. M. Speransky saw a powerful driving force of the economy in loan, based on commercial principles and being repayable. Enterprises were allowed to lend each other their available funds.
An important measure to stabilize the financial condition was establishing taxes on noble estatespreviously exempt from taxes.
Later Speransky took up a position bargaining chip. Was adopted as the main monetary unit silver ruble. Measures were taken to increase the number of small silver coins, which the reformer intended to replace with copper ones. In this way, he tried to restore confidence in banknotes, making it easier to exchange them for coin.
В "Note on monetary circulation" M. M. Speransky explained in detail the reason for the cheapening of silver.
M. M. Speransky was one of the first to justify the creation central bank and deployment of credit operations. His plan included the following actions:
1) the creation of such an organization of the bank’s activities that would free the bank from excessive dependence on the government, as was the case when the bank served as a source of covering the constant budget deficit;
2) providing the necessary assistance to the creation of private banks.
Results ideas Speransky in practice were:
1) the state budget deficit has decreased;
2) incomes have increased;
3) taxes provided the means to at least reduce the deficit and helped the government solve political problems.
Author: Tatarnikov E.A.
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