History of Economic Thought. Economic program of populism. M. A. Bakunin, P. L. Lavrov, P. N. Tkachev (the most important)

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History of Economic Thought. Economic program of populism. M. A. Bakunin, P. L. Lavrov, P. N. Tkachev (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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62. ECONOMIC PROGRAM OF POPULARITY. M. A. Bakunin, P. L. Lavrov, P. N. Tkachev

Populism as an independent direction in Russian economic thought developed in Russia after the reform 1861 BC, when the arbitrariness of the autocracy, the preserved privileges of the nobility, as well as the growth of capitalist industry and the beginning of the formation of the kulaks in the countryside led to an aggravation of class antagonism.

Populism - the ideology and movement of the raznochintsy intelligentsia - combined the ideas of utopian socialism and the desire of the peasantry to free themselves from landlord exploitation.

Ideologists of the main directions of revolutionary populism were M. A. Bakunin, P. L. Lavrov, P. N. Tkachev.

1. M. A. Bakunin (1814-1876) - revolutionary democrat. Main works: "People's business: Romanov, Pugachev, Pestel", “Our Program”, etc. A large place in the works Bakunin occupied criticism of capitalismwhich was progressive in nature. Views Bakunin on own were predetermined by his theory of the abolition of the right to inherit. The source of national wealth is people's labor. Bakunin's trend in populism had an anarchist tinge. Hatred for the tsarist monarchy and the bourgeois states of Western Europe Bakunin transferred to the state in general, declaring that any power generates exploitation.

2. P. L. Lavrov (1823-1900) - went through three stages of economic views. IN 1840-1850s. acted from liberal reformist positions.

В 1860-1870s. he took revolutionary-democratic, populist positions, maintained contacts with Chernyshevsky.

Thanks to participation in the Paris Commune, acquaintance with K. Marx и F. Engels, constant participation in the Western European labor movement in the views Lavrova socialist elements appear, populist economic views evolve and combine with the recognition of the historical role of economic doctrine Marx. The exploitation of the peasantry by landowners, manufacturers, as well as the government itself is clearly shown Lavrov in the works "The Martyrdom of the Russian People", "The Russian People and Its Parasites".

As a preacher of ideas Chernyshevsky, he advocated transfer of undivided communal land to peasants. He believed that private property leads to the fragmentation of the land and the emergence of a proletariat, to the creation of the same economic conditions that exist in Western Europe. Speaking as a revolutionary democrat, Lavrov saw communal landownership as an institution that could develop along the socialist path.

3. P. N. Tkachev (1844-1885) hoped for a social revolution through the seizure of power, political upheaval and the establishment of the dictatorship of the "revolutionary minority". He said that the peasantry could not play an active role in the social revolution, subjected to crushing criticism the economic backwardness of feudal Russia.

Tkachev correctly stated the inevitability of capitalism in Russia, he continued to look for ways of non-capitalist development.

Tkachev considered economic factor the most important condition for the development of society and attached great importance to the economic struggle of individual classes.

Author: Tatarnikov E.A.

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