The longest admissible time of movement of moving parts of separators and short-circuiters

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Annex 3.1. The longest admissible time of movement of moving parts of separators and short-circuiters. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE)

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Table 21

Rated voltage, kV	Time from the moment of impulse, s
Rated voltage, kV	before the contacts close when the short circuiter is turned on	before the contacts close when the separator is turned off
35	0,4	0,5
110	0,4	0,7
150	0,5	0,9
220	0,5	1,0

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Microcontrollers Microchip PIC18F-Q41 20.11.2020

The American manufacturer Microchip has released a new series of microcontrollers based on the PIC core. For the first time, devices of the PIC18 line received an operational amplifier in low-pin packages.

PIC18F-Q41 is a new series of controllers designed to improve the accuracy of working with an analog signal, and therefore - developed on the basis of a series of sensors. To accomplish this task, the devices are equipped with an operational amplifier, a 12-bit ADC with a post-computer (averaging, low-pass filtering, comparison with a threshold, and other functions), two 8-bit DACs, two comparators, and a reference voltage shaper.

In total, there are six devices in the family with a memory capacity of 16, 32 and 64 kB in packages with 14 and 20 pins.

Simultaneously with the Q41 series, the Q40 series was released, which differs only in the absence of an operational amplifier in the periphery. Memory capacity and package types are the same as Q41 series.

Each series has developed its own debug board: PIC18F16Q40 Curiosity Nano Evaluation Kit, PIC18F16Q41 Curiosity Nano Evaluation Kit.

Characteristics of microcontrollers PIC18F-Q40/Q41:

Operating frequency up to 64 MHz;
Up to 64 kB Flash, up to 4 kB SRAM, 512 bytes EEPROM;
4-channel DMA controller;
One operational amplifier (Q41 series only);
12-bit ADC with calculation capabilities, up to 17 channels;
Two 8-bit DACs;
Two comparators;
Three 16-bit dual-channel PWM modules;
One analog voltage zero crossing detector - Zero Cross Detect (ZCD);
Reference voltage generation module;
Serial interfaces: 3 x UART, 2 x SPI, 1x I2C;
Four configurable logic cells - Configurable Logic Cell (CLC);
Ability to reassign peripheral pins - Peripheral Pin Select (PPS);
Availability in cases:
14 pins (SOIC and TSSOP)
20 pins (PDIP, SOIC, SSOP and VQFN)
Supply voltage range from 1,8 to 5,5 V;
Operating temperature range from -40°C to 125°C.

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