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Proton hydrogen batteries

11.02.2014

Researchers at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) have developed a new battery concept based on the energy potential of hydrogen. It is this chemical element, according to scientists, that should act as a replacement for lithium as the main source of energy in most modern battery devices.

The announced concept will eliminate the need for the production, recovery, and most importantly, the storage of gaseous hydrogen, which today is the most serious factor limiting the effectiveness and distribution of such systems. The presented solution combines the best practices in the field of hydrogen fuel cells in conjunction with the traditional principles of electric energy storage.

"Since for the battery charging procedure, only the influx of water is sufficient for its further splitting and the use of the nuclei of hydrogen atoms - protons, and in the discharge mode - air, we called our invention "proton-flow battery". In addition to the promising technical solutions incorporated in the invention "Our battery has an impressive potential in economic terms. The production of lithium for modern batteries is a rather laborious process, and the raw material itself is relatively scarce, if we draw an analogy with hydrogen," said Professor John Andrews, head of research from RMIT, in his report. Andrews).

The concept shown is based on the integration of a metal hydride electrode into a fuel cell's Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM). During charging, the protons produced by water splitting are directly "bonded" to electrons and metal particles at the fuel cell electrode, which is integrated into the PEM. As a result, a solid-state hydrogen metal hydride is formed. It is he who acts as a "storage" of electrical energy. When using the electrical resource of such a proton battery, the described processes proceed in reverse order.

Published in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, studies have shown that proton flux batteries can achieve similar energy efficiency compared to classic lithium-ion batteries, but the former are able to store significantly more energy per unit mass and volume.

"Hydrogen combines enormous potential as an environmentally friendly source of nutrition. This puts it in a favorable light and pushes modern science to use the element in a fairly wide range of areas," summed up Mr. Andrews.

The Australian research and development demonstrated can be successfully implemented in many aspects of modern life, from household appliances to vehicles and industrial energy storage systems.

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