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quantum spin liquid

22.03.2018

In 1987, Paul W. Anderson, Nobel Laureate in Physics, suggested that the phenomenon of high-temperature superconductivity might be related to an exotic quantum state of matter known as quantum spin liquid. In this state, the magnetic moments of matter particles behave like a liquid, however, such a liquid does not "freeze" even at absolute zero temperature. Such exotic states of matter are considered promising candidates for their use in quantum computing systems, however, until recently, scientists have not been able to obtain a spin-liquid suitable for its use in various quantum technologies.

And only recently, researchers from the Aalto University, Finland, the Brazilian Center for Physics Research (CBPF), the Technical University of Braunschweig and the University of Nagoya, for the first time, managed to create a superconducting quantum spin liquid, the properties of which are as close as possible to the properties of the theoretical fluid predicted by Paul Anderson. And the creation of a quantum spin-liquid became possible thanks to the technology developed at Aalto University to control the properties of some magnetic materials.

Most of the existing high-temperature superconductors are based on copper oxide, in which copper ions form a square crystal lattice, and the magnetic moments of neighboring ions are directed in opposite directions. When this slender crystal structure is broken by changing the oxidation state of copper, the material becomes a superconductor. However, the replacement of ordinary copper ions with ions having an electronic structure of d10 and d0 turned the entire crystalline structure into a quantum spin liquid.

"In the future, the d10/d0 ion exchange method could be applied to many other types of magnetic materials, allowing us to create a range of new materials with unique quantum properties," says Otto Mustonen, a researcher at Aalto University.

To register the fact of creating a quantum spin liquid and determine its properties, scientists used the technology of spin spectroscopy. This technology is based on the interaction of electron-like elementary particles, such as muons, with the material under study. Such a method is able to determine even the weakest magnetic fields that exist in a quantum material.

"In addition to sophisticated and high-quality equipment, this type of research requires the collaboration of physicists, chemists and scientists from other fields," says Professor Maarit Karppinen, "But with the joint efforts of such a multidisciplinary team, we will be able to study the properties of quantum spin- liquids and come close to the practical creation of the so-called topological quantum computer".

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