What was the original design of the monument to American presidents at Mount Rushmore? Detailed answer

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What was the original design of the monument to American presidents at Mount Rushmore? Detailed answer

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What was the original design of the monument to American presidents at Mount Rushmore?

The heads of American presidents Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt were carved on Mount Rushmore from 1925 to 1941. After the death of chief sculptor Gotzum Borglum, the project was taken over by his son, but it was soon abandoned due to funding cuts. The monument was declared completed, although it was originally planned to depict the presidents to the waist.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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What is the latitude and longitude?

Imagine that you are on board a ship lost in the ocean, or wandering through the desert, where there are no noticeable objects or landmarks. How would you be able to explain your exact location so that someone could find you?

It was for this purpose that the concepts of latitude and longitude were introduced. With their help, you can be found anywhere on the surface of the Earth, wherever you are. Latitude is used to locate an object in relation to the North and South Poles. At an equal distance between the poles lies an imaginary line called the equator. This is zero latitude.

Moving from the equator to the north, we find ourselves in the region of northern latitudes, to the south - southern. Latitudes are the same imaginary lines stretching around the Earth at regular intervals. They are parallel to each other and the equator and are therefore called parallels. The distance between these lines is not measured in kilometers, but in degrees.

If the circle is divided into 360 equal parts by lines passing through the center of the circle, then the angle between adjacent lines will be equal to one degree. For greater accuracy in determining the location, each degree is divided into 60 minutes, and each minute is divided into 60 seconds. The North Pole is at 90 degrees north and the South Pole is at 90 degrees south.

However, in order to accurately determine any place on the globe, it is not enough to know its position relative to the north and south, but also to the west and east. This is what longitude lines are for. Since there is no west or east pole, there is therefore no natural reference point.

A long time ago it was decided that the line of zero longitude passes through the Greenwich Laboratory, located in England on the eastern outskirts of London. The lines of longitude are called meridians. All of them run perpendicular to the equator and intersect each other at two points at the North and South Poles. To the east of the zero meridian is the region of eastern longitudes, to the west - western ones.

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Random news from the Archive

Successful operation with Google glass 12.11.2013

A team of surgeons from the University of Alabama at Birmingham (USA) performed the first operation using VIPAAR virtual reality technology and Google glass glasses. The combination of these two technologies was an important step towards the development of practical telemedicine.

VIPAAR (Virtual Interactive Presence in Augmented Reality or "Virtual Interactive Presence in Augmented Reality") is a technology developed by scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham that allows real-time two-way interactive video conferencing.

Orthopedic surgeon Brent Ponce performed a total shoulder replacement on September 12, 2013 at the University Hospital. During this time, another doctor interacted with him - Phani Dantuluri from his office in Atlanta. Ponce wore Google glass during the operation, and the built-in camera transmitted the image from the operating table to Dr. Dantuluri, who, thanks to VIPAAR, the doctor saw on his monitor what was happening in the operating room in Birmingham. Moreover, he could virtually participate in the operation with his own hands: Dr. Ponce saw Danturuli's virtual "hands" in the monitor of his glasses. That is, thanks to this technology, you can virtually "help" your colleague, showing what actions you need to do with your hands. It looks like the surgeons are close by, not thousands of miles apart. Of course, you can immediately discuss the course of the operation and quickly make a joint decision.

According to the developers, this technology will significantly improve medical care, because now experienced surgeons will be able to virtually help their young colleagues.

VIPAAR owes its existence to Dr. Barton Guthrie, who expressed dissatisfaction with telemedicine about 10 years ago. So-called "telemedicine" is not much different from a simple telephone conversation between two doctors, and in this case the more experienced doctor cannot help his colleague. In the case of using the VIPAAR program, virtual "hands" participate in the operation, show what and how to do. VIPAAR technology allows a remote doctor to see anatomical features, give instructions or even demonstrate the correct placement of instruments. This provides better patient care in any hospital.

The developers note that the use of VIPAAR goes beyond medicine and surgery. The technology will be useful for repair services to fix, for example, the heating system of a house, to maintain the process of industrial production, etc.

It is noted that doctors Ponce and Dantuluri were satisfied with the results of their interactive interaction. Now adjustments need to be made to fine-tune VIPAAR and Google glass, but scientists say the technology could become ubiquitous in a few years, and teleconsultation in medicine will become commonplace.

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