Fundamental problems of development of electric power industry based on renewable energy sources in Russia. Scheme, description

Free technical library

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Schemes of radio-electronic and electrical devices

Fundamental problems of development of electric power industry based on renewable energy sources in Russia. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

Comments on the article

The article is devoted to the fundamental problems and prerequisites for the development of renewable energy: What factors contribute to the expansion of the use of renewable energy? The development of projects of what scale is the most promising? What new tasks are facing the System Operator and the Ministry of Energy? The Deputy Director General of the Energy Strategy Institute, Doctor of Technical Sciences, one of the leading market experts, P.P. Armless.

What factors, in your opinion, contribute to the development of renewable energy in Russia?

In conditions when traditional industries with a half-century history of development, production base, personnel, advanced science (machine tool building, shipbuilding, car building, etc.) are collapsing, it would seem that there is no reason to talk about the factors of development of a new industry. However, these reasons exist. For foreign politicians and businessmen, renewable energy has long been one of the promising areas that contribute to overcoming the crisis.

Most of our politicians and businessmen, when discussing the prospects for the development of the country, usually confine themselves to general conversations and do not want to deal with an industry whose return will not be in a year or two, but in 5-10 years.

Nevertheless, let's try to figure out what factors contribute, or rather, require the development of renewable energy in Russia.

First of all, the need to provide electricity, heat and fuel to remote regions of Russia, where the delivery of fuel is an expensive and unreliable undertaking. This is especially true for the northern and equated territories. Over the past 10 years, the number of settlements not connected to public networks has increased dramatically due to the destruction of power lines; those settlements that received energy from diesel power plants were often left without electricity due to the failure of diesel generators and the impossibility of replacing them. We are talking about the living conditions of 10-15 million people living in the mentioned villages and districts.

The next area that is “waiting” for renewable energy is areas covered by centralized power supply, but which is unreliable and limited either in terms of capacity or energy. Refusals to connect new consumers to the power grid in these areas have become a mass phenomenon and, moreover, extremely expensive.

In third place we have to put the factor that is in the first place abroad - this is the significant environmental friendliness of technologies and equipment using renewable energy sources. The use of renewable energy for the production of electricity and heat reduces CO2 emissions from fuel-fired power plants. And even the use of biomass as a fuel does not change the CO2 balance, because the combustion of biomass releases as much carbon dioxide as was absorbed by the plants during growth.

The last factor that matters only to people who think about the fate of the country is the preservation of oil and gas for future generations.

This category also includes the factor of energy security of the subjects of the Russian Federation and individual regions. Diversification of energy resources, incl. at the expense of RES is one of the essential ways to improve energy security.

The development of projects of what scale do you see as the most promising: small installations in industry and housing and communal services to reduce electricity costs or large-scale grid generation based on renewable energy sources?

It follows from the above that for Russia it is equally priority both to create small installations of autonomous power supply for the population and small installations at industrial enterprises, as well as sufficiently powerful (50-100-200 MW) wind power plants, small hydroelectric power plants with a capacity of up to 20 MW, biomass thermal power plants in primarily in scarce energy systems.

Is there a problem of remoteness of areas with high potential for the development of new renewable energy from the main areas of electricity consumption?

Such a problem does not exist with a high potential for development, but with a high potential for possible use, for example, for tidal power plants, whose power is so great that it is required either to transmit energy over long distances, or to organize large-scale industrial production near such stations. Both ways seem to me extremely difficult to implement in the current Russian conditions.

To what extent does the variability of generation based on RES in time complicate the work of the system operator? Can this problem become a serious obstacle to the development of renewable energy?

The volatility of electricity production from RES applies only to wind power plants, as well as photovoltaic stations, this does not apply to other types of RES.

The practice of foreign system operators in countries with developed wind energy: Denmark (the share of wind in electricity generation is 21%), Germany (7%), Portugal (9,2%), Spain (11,7%) has convincingly proved the possibility of forecasting generation at wind farms with with a probability of 95% or more for a day, a week, a month ahead. As for regime problems, the power fluctuations of wind farms fit well into the general fluctuations in the produced (consumed) power, which are damped by the existing means of automatic control.

This problem cannot become any obstacle until the capacity of the wind farm reaches 10-15% of the capacity of the power system. And from this figure we are separated at best by 10-15 years.

Are the measures taken by the Ministry of Energy capable of leading to the large-scale introduction of renewable energy? Will the targets set by the Government of the Russian Federation be achieved in your opinion?

The measures and approach to the solution taken by the Russian Ministry of Energy will not lead to the large-scale use of renewable energy sources, since two main conditions are missing:

a) by-laws to stimulate the development of renewable energy, which were required to be developed in pursuance of Law No. 35-FZ "On the Electricity Industry" at least a year ago, have not yet been developed. The terms of preparation established by the government decree of June 3, 2008 No. 462 have been disrupted.

b) Targets approved by Government Decree No. 8p of April 2009, 1 for the volume of production based on renewable energy sources of electricity as a percentage of total production in 2010 (1,5%), in 2015 (2,5%) and in 2020 (4,5%) are not supported by the required volumes of capacity commissioning for various types of power plants based on RES. If there are no plans established by the Government to commission capacities based on RES, then who will ensure the commissioning of capacity? Therefore, there are very big doubts that these indicators will be achieved. And it is absolutely certain that the figure for 2010 will not be achieved, because commissioning based on renewable energy sources in 2010 is not expected.

P.P. Bezrukikh - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chairman of the RES Committee of the Russian Union of Scientific and Engineering Public Organizations, Academician-Secretary of the Energy Section of the RIA.

AEnergy.ru expresses its gratitude to P.P. Bezrukikh for the interview.

Author: Artem Churikov, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University; Publication: AEnergy.ru

See other articles Section Alternative energy sources.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

Major risk factor for gambling addiction 07.05.2024

Computer games are becoming an increasingly popular form of entertainment among teenagers, but the associated risk of gaming addiction remains a significant problem. American scientists conducted a study to determine the main factors contributing to this addiction and offer recommendations for its prevention. Over the course of six years, 385 teenagers were followed to find out what factors may predispose them to gambling addiction. The results showed that 90% of study participants were not at risk of addiction, while 10% became gambling addicts. It turned out that the key factor in the onset of gambling addiction is a low level of prosocial behavior. Teenagers with a low level of prosocial behavior do not show interest in the help and support of others, which can lead to a loss of contact with the real world and a deepening dependence on virtual reality offered by computer games. Based on these results, scientists ... >>

Traffic noise delays the growth of chicks 06.05.2024

The sounds that surround us in modern cities are becoming increasingly piercing. However, few people think about how this noise affects the animal world, especially such delicate creatures as chicks that have not yet hatched from their eggs. Recent research is shedding light on this issue, indicating serious consequences for their development and survival. Scientists have found that exposure of zebra diamondback chicks to traffic noise can cause serious disruption to their development. Experiments have shown that noise pollution can significantly delay their hatching, and those chicks that do emerge face a number of health-promoting problems. The researchers also found that the negative effects of noise pollution extend into the adult birds. Reduced chances of reproduction and decreased fertility indicate the long-term effects that traffic noise has on wildlife. The study results highlight the need ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Laughing depends on the genes 16.06.2015

Why does someone barely smile at the same joke, and someone starts laughing until they drop? Of course, a lot here depends on personal taste and culture, but not only - according to researchers from Northwestern University, some people have their own genetic characteristics that make them very funny.

It is known that our emotions and mood are largely dependent on the level of the neurotransmitter serotonin - for example, a chronic lack of serotonin can lead to constant anxiety and depression (which are within easy reach of the abuse of various "substances"). Serotonin levels are controlled by the 5-HTTLPR gene, which has a long and a short version. At one time, it was shown that it is the short version of 5-HTTLPR that can be found in people prone to gloomy thoughts and depressive states.

However, as Claudia M. Haase and her colleagues found, short 5-HTTLPR is also associated with increased laughter. They set up several experiments, showing funny videos to people of different ages; in addition, in one of the experiments, older couples had to discuss the difficulties of their own marriage. All this was recorded on camera, after which facial expressions were evaluated using a special system that makes it possible to distinguish natural positive emotions from artificial ones, when a person laughs or smiles out of politeness or, for example, to hide negative emotions. (In particular, "crow's feet" around the eyes are considered one of the reliable signs of a real smile.) The emotions were then compared with data on the 5-HTTLPR gene.

According to the authors of the work in the journal Emotion, the owners of the short version laughed and smiled more readily than those whose 5-HTTLPR was long. That is, humorousness really partly depends on genes. However, something else is more curious: it turns out that the same gene can affect both positive and negative emotions.

For the researchers themselves, the results were not such a surprise. Although, as we said above, the short version of 5-HTTLPRR was originally considered to be an enhancer of depression, then works began to appear that said that positive emotions cannot do without a shortened version of the same gene. According to Claudia Haase, a short 5-HTTLPR cannot be considered either "fun" or "sad" - it only enhances the emotional response to certain circumstances: if everything is good, it will help a person to rejoice, if it's bad, on the contrary, plunge into depression. As for those who got a long 5-HTTLPR, they simply perceive everything less emotionally, and their experiences, whether joyful or not, devoid of a genetic "amplifier", remain quite moderate. It is not known which is better; but at the very least, if you're depressed, it's worth considering that it's actually not all that bad, it's just that you were unlucky with the gene that controls serotonin.

Other interesting news:

▪ Traco Power TMG - compact AC-DC modules per board

▪ Is the end of satellite navigation nearing?

▪ Ultra-precise atomic clock

▪ Indestructible composite glass for smartphones and TVs

▪ Panasonic Lumix DMC-CM1 camera phone

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Radioelectronics and electrical engineering. Article selection

▪ article Investigation is over: forget it. Popular expression

▪ article Why is the poker combination of ace and king sometimes called Anna Kournikova? Detailed answer

▪ Frasassi Caves article. Nature miracle

▪ article DDS generator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article The simplest spray gun. physical experiment

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews