Automotive flameless combustion heater. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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Automotive flameless combustion heater. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

Car drivers know very well: after a long parking of the car in the cold, it is impossible to start the engine. At low temperatures, even antifreeze freezes! And those who use water for cooling and drain it at night are deprived of the opportunity to pour hot water into the radiator - the cylinder head and the block itself frozen in the cold burst, and the boiling water freezes almost immediately, forming ice plugs.

Sometimes, because of this, the driver has to keep the engine running around the clock, which leads to unproductive fuel consumption and a reduction in engine life. Nevertheless, in the morning the driver still has to warm up the transmission, sometimes building a fire under the car.

The situation is greatly facilitated by the use of heaters, which, with a small fuel consumption, maintain the temperature of the engine at the level necessary to start it.

These are flameless heaters.

The principle of their operation is that vapors of liquid fuel - gasoline or alcohol - are oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in the presence of a catalyst directly on the surface of the heating element; Heat is released not due to the combustion of fuel, but due to a chemical reaction.

A diagram of such a "stove" is shown in the figure. It consists of a fuel tank with a neck and a stopper; a burner into which a heating element is inserted - a frame and two metal meshes with a gasket made of asbestos wool impregnated with a catalyst; an asbestos or fabric wick, through which fuel is supplied from the tank to the burner (the fabric wick and the lower grid of the heating element are separated by a layer of asbestos wool not impregnated with a catalyst to prevent burning).

The upper part of the wick made of corded asbestos is evenly laid out under the net, the lower part should be located on the bottom of the tank. Free space in the tank can be filled with cotton wool.

When installing the heating element in the body of the burner, a gasket of 5 mm wire wrapped with corded asbestos is placed between the frame and its seat.

Automotive Flameless Burning Heater
Heater: 1 - skid tube, 2 - tank body, 3 - tension lock latch, 4 - latch axis, 5 - rack with ears for the lock, 6 - tension bracket, 7 - cover, 8 - rivet, 9 - handle, 10 - nichrome wire, 11 - asbestos wool impregnated with a catalyst, 12 - clamping frame, 13 - metal mesh, 14 - heating element frame, 15 - sealant, 16 - tank neck plug, 17 - neck, 18 - asbestos wool, 19 - wick , 20 - internal bulkhead, 21 - burner body. A - heating element mirror (b*e)

The heater must have a metal cover that is put on top of the burner, stopping its operation.

When pouring fuel into the tank, make sure that it does not get on its outer surface, wipe the tank thoroughly.

"Starting" the heater should be carried out away from the machine, at a distance of at least 25 meters. It must be ignited in the following way. 50-100 ml of fuel is poured onto the grid of the heating element and ignited with a match. Soon the flame goes out, fuel vapors from the tank begin to suck to the heated surface, which, under the action of atmospheric oxygen in the presence of a catalyst, are oxidized, gradually raising the temperature - flameless combustion occurs.

It usually does not immediately cover the working area of \uXNUMXb\uXNUMXbthe burner: the heating centers grow gradually, as the temperature increases. If the process is not interrupted, it will continue until all the fuel is used up.

The performance of the heater depends on the composition of the catalyst and the area of the burner and can range from 1800 to 10 thousand kcal/h. The working surface is heated up to 400...800°C at a fuel consumption of 0,25 l/h per 0,1 m2 of the heating element area. Despite such a high temperature, the heater is fireproof, and even getting gasoline or oil on the burner does not cause them to ignite. But when installing the heater under the engine, covered with a warm cover, make sure that the cover itself or its fastening straps do not fall on the heated surface.

For the manufacture of the heating element itself, long-fiber asbestos is used. It is impregnated for an hour with a solution of a cobalt-chromium catalyst containing: 27,3% CoO; 72,1% Cr2O3 and 0,6% MnO2 or, much better, a solution of platinum chloride (although this is an expensive reagent). The first is made from pure reagents - ammonium dichromate, manganese nitrate, cobalt and concentrated ammonia. For 100 g of asbestos, 1000 cm3 of solution is required. In this case, cobalt chromate is deposited on asbestos. The mass is dried at 100-120°C, pulled and calcined for 3 hours at a temperature of 350-400°C. The result is a loose, dark asbestos mass. It is laid in an even layer between wire meshes of 0,3 g/cm2. A burner with a surface area of 10 dc2 requires about 300 g of catalyst.

When operating the heater, protect its working surface from water, oil and dirt. Compliance with the technology in the manufacture of the heating element and careful handling will ensure reliable operation of the device for several seasons.

Author: I. Yuvenaliev

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