Information law. Library Science (most important)

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Information law. Library Science (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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89. LIBRARY

Librarianship - the branch of information, cultural, educational and educational activities, the tasks of which include the creation and development of a network of libraries, the formation and processing of their funds, the organization of library, information and reference and bibliographic services for library users, the training of library workers, scientific and methodological support for the development of libraries .

The institute of librarianship is one of the areas of legal regulation of relations in the information sphere in the field of ensuring the realization of the right of everyone to search, receive and transfer library information (the right to access information or the right to know), which is the most important human and citizen's right.

Library activities is the basis for the implementation of creative and other intellectual activity of a person.

The subjects of legal relations of librarianship are libraries, the state, a citizen, an enterprise, an institution and organizations, individuals and legal entities that supply documents for library acquisition and use the services of libraries.

Library - an information, cultural, educational institution that has an organized fund of replicated documents and provides them for temporary use to individuals and legal entities. A library can be an independent institution or a structural subdivision of an enterprise, institution, or organization.

A public library is a library that provides the opportunity to use its collections and services to legal entities, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and forms of ownership, and to citizens without restrictions on the level of education, specialty, or attitude to religion.

Libraries can be established by public authorities at all levels, local governments, legal entities and individuals.

In accordance with the order of establishment and forms of ownership, the following are distinguished main types of libraries:

▪ state libraries established by government bodies, including: federal libraries; libraries of the subjects of the Federation; libraries of ministries and other federal executive bodies;

▪ municipal libraries established by local governments;

▪ libraries of the Russian Academy of Sciences, other academies, research institutes, educational institutions;

▪ libraries of enterprises, institutions, organizations;

▪ libraries of public associations;

▪ private libraries;

▪ libraries established by foreign legal entities and individuals, as well as international organizations in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation.

The user of the library can be an individual or a legal entity.

The legislation of the Russian Federation on librarianship includes the Fundamentals of the legislation of the Russian Federation on culture, the Federal Law "On librarianship", federal laws adopted in accordance with it and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the region library business.

Author: Yakubenko N.O.

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Inspiration is born between sleep and wakefulness 18.12.2021

History knows many cases when inspiration came to great people in a dream, and these great ones sometimes even used special methods in order not to forget their sleepy insights. For example, Thomas Edison and Salvador Dali, thinking about some difficult creative task, lay down to take a nap, holding something heavy in their hands. When they started to fall asleep, the hand relaxed, the object fell to the floor and woke them up - and then it turned out that the solution to the creative problem was already in their head.

Employees of the Sorbonne University decided to test this method and invited one hundred and three people for the experiment, who were also supposed to doze off with a heavy object in their hand. Before falling asleep, they were given a mathematical problem: several number sequences had to be continued by one more number, and in order to get this number, two mathematical rules had to be applied to the sequence. However, the solution to the problem could be easier if you noticed that the required number is always the same as the second number in the sequence.

The participants in the experiment recorded the electrical activity of the brain to monitor how their brain falls asleep. We know that there is REM sleep, or REM sleep, with rapid eye movements, and non-REM sleep, or NREM sleep. But there are several stages in non-REM sleep, and one of them, called N1, looks like an intermediate state between sleep and wakefulness: brain waves are rebuilt into a sleepy state, but it seems to the person that he is not sleeping yet. After stage N1, other, deeper stages of non-REM sleep begin.

The first stage of sleep really awakened the creative powers of the brain. If a person solved the above problem without falling asleep, then a simpler solution came to mind in 30% of cases, but if he fell asleep and immediately woke up, then this solution came to mind already in 83% of cases. Stage N1 lasted at least 15 seconds, and it was important not to fall into a deeper sleep - otherwise the brain would forget what it had thought of.

Perhaps the "pre-sleep" stage can indeed be recommended to those who urgently need to awaken their creative forces. True, it would be nice if some kind of device appeared here that would wake you up a few seconds after you dozed off - after all, falling asleep with something heavy in your hand is not very convenient.

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