History and theory of religions. Religious cult (most important)

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History and theory of religions. Religious cult (most important)

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52. Religious cult

A religious cult is a set of religious rites. Rite is a specific element of religion. Every ritual is a stereotype of collective actions symbolizing certain social ideas, norms, ideals and ideas.

The specificity of religious rites lies in their ideological content and orientation, i.e., in what kind of ideas, ideas, myths and images they embody in symbolic form. On the contrary, a cult is only a social form of the objectification of religious consciousness, the realization of religious faith in the actions of a group of individuals.

Between the supernatural forces or beings in which a person believes, and the believer himself, special bilateral relations are formed, which we called above "illusory-practical". They are illusory, since the object of religious faith does not objectively exist, but they are practical in nature, since they are realized in a religious cult.

A religious cult, therefore, is a real, socially-objectified form of influence on the object of religious faith. It follows from this that it cannot be considered outside and apart from religious beliefs, of which it is a symbolic embodiment. It is characteristic, for example, that the same cult actions in terms of their natural, material content acquire fundamentally different ideological, symbolic and figurative content in different religious systems. In a religious rite, it is not the ritual actions themselves that are of primary importance, but their comprehension, interpretation by believers and clergymen.

From a scientific point of view, any rites, including religious ones, have a social nature. In foreign literature, the psychoanalytic interpretation of religious rites is quite widespread, according to which the latter are either forms of manifestation of unconscious aggressive or sexual urges, or the objectification of certain "archetypes" that exist in the collective unconscious.

Rites in general, and religious rites in particular, are by no means spontaneous manifestations of the unconscious impulses of the individual. Religious rites are an important form of practical joint life of believers. Through it, their influence on supernatural forces and beings is realized. In other words, religious rites, like religion in general, are entirely a social product.

It is through religious rites that an individual joins one or another confessional community, it is cult actions that are an important means of "catching souls" for religious organizations.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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