History and theory of religions. Dogma of the Trinity (most important)

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History and theory of religions. Dogma of the Trinity (most important)

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33. Dogma about the Trinity

The Christian doctrine of the Trinity of God developed in the XNUMXth century, in heated disputes with religious differences. The dogma of the Holy Trinity is recognized as the basis of Christian doctrine and the main theological problem of Christianity. At the same time, the dogma of the Holy Trinity "is a dogma that is mysterious and incomprehensible at the level of reason" (Dogmatic theology).

According to Christian teaching, the Holy Trinity is the three persons (three hypostases) of God: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. They are "uncreated" and "unborn", "consubstantial", i.e. they have one Divine Essence, and "equilibrium".

Arius (256-336), a priest from Alexandria, taught that the Son of God was created by God the Father, i.e., is a creation of God, and therefore not God. But the Son is "revered by the Godhead", endowed with Divine power, therefore he can be called the "second God", but not the first. According to Arius, the Spirit is the highest creation of the Son, just as He Himself is the highest creation of the Father. Arius called the Holy Spirit "grandson." Theology recognizes that the teaching of Arius arose as a result of the fact that the texts of Scripture, which speak of the subordination of the Son to the Father, were attributed inappropriately high importance. In other words, the "Arian heresy" that shook the Eastern Church is a misreading, an inadequate interpretation of the sacred text.

Arius was condemned by the First Ecumenical (Nicene) Council in 325 and died in exile. New anti-Arian decisions were made at the Second Ecumenical (Constantinople) Council in 381. The "Arian heresy" was a bogey back in the XNUMXth century. for Russian Old Believers.

Differences between Western and Eastern Christianity in the interpretation of the Trinity led to the emergence of two different editions of the Christian Creed. The Western change in the Creed - added the filioque (and from the Son) - reflects a different, not "equilibrium", more subordinate understanding of the Trinity: the Son is younger than the Father, the Father and the Son are the sources of the Spirit. This opinion was advocated by St. Augustine, separating the Father from the Son as sources of the Spirit. To the former formula: The Spirit proceeds from the Holy Father. Augustine added, "and from the Son." The local council in Toledo (589) included this combination - "and from the Son" - in the 8th article of the Creed:

"And in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, who gives life to all, who proceeds from the Father and from the Son, who is honored and glorified equally with the Father and with the Son, who spoke through the prophets."

It was this dogmatic divergence, expressed in the Western addition of the words "and from the Son", that later (in 1054) became a partial reason and reason for the division of Christianity into the Western (Roman Catholic) Church and the Eastern (Greek Orthodox) Church.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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