History and theory of religions. Non-canonical literature (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

History and theory of religions. Non-canonical literature (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

51. Non-canonical literature

In the circle of Jewish and Judeo-Christian religious literature, which, however, turned out to be outside the Jewish canon, two meaningfully different groups of monuments are best known:

1) writings in which the Septuagint (Christian Old Testament) differs from the Tanakh (Jewish Old Testament);

2) works of unorthodox Judaism, already fraught with Christianity, as it were, written in the Qumran sect of the Essenes in the XNUMXnd century BC. BC e. - I century. n. e., in villages near the Dead Sea.

Eleven Jewish writings included in the Septuagint, but not included in the Jewish religious canon, were written between the XNUMXth century BC. BC e. and I c. n. e.

According to the Palestinian canon, the last books of the Old Testament are four books written by the "great teacher" Ezra: "The Book of Ezra", "The Book of Nehemiah" (about the return from Babylon and the restoration of the commandments and the cult of Yahweh) and two books with a summary of the history of the Jewish people - I and II "Books of Chronicles". However, in patristics (among the Christian Fathers of the Church), Ezra was considered the author of two more works, closely related in content to the canonical ones. These are II and III of the Books of Ezra.

Not included in the "Tanakh" and the book, inscribed with the name of another famous Old Testament character and writer, "The Book of Wisdom of Solomon." Outside the "Tanakh" there are two works associated with the name of Solomon - "The Book of Wisdom of Solomon" and "Psalms of Solomon".

The boundary between canonical and non-canonical Jewish writings essentially coincides with the differences of the monuments in terms of language: non-canonicity approaches the foreign language or, in any case, the absence of the Hebrew (or Aramaic) original of the work. In other words, the canonicity of a work is associated with its ethnic and ethno-linguistic features.

The Jewish canon had a significant influence on the attitude towards these books in Christianity. Despite belonging to the Septuagint, works not included in the Tanakh are not recognized as canonical in Orthodoxy, although they enjoy high authority.

The second group of non-canonical Jewish writings, chronologically close to the Palestinian (Yamnian) canon of the Tanakh, dates back to 150 BC. e. to 68 AD e. These monuments are usually referred to as the Dead Sea manuscripts, or Qumran texts.

According to their content, the Qumran manuscripts were divided into three groups:

1) biblical texts and apocrypha;

2) interpretation of biblical texts;

3) liturgical or legalistic texts. Further analysis of the finds showed that among them were previously unknown works by the Essenes, members of a closed and ascetic Jewish sect.

Author: Pankin S.F.

<< Back: Book genres in the religions of Scripture

>> Forward: religious cult

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ General surgery. Crib

▪ Stocks and bods market. Crib

▪ Faculty Therapy. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Xenoma e-skin smart shirt 11.08.2017

Xenoma has launched a community funding project called e-skin on Kickstarter.

This is a long-sleeved T-shirt with integrated sensors that turns the user's body into an augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) controller. By detecting the user's movements, e-skin provides a deep immersive AR/VR experience, allowing you to interact with virtual objects in an intuitive way.

T-shirt with built-in flexible and elastic electronic components does not restrict the wearer's mobility and is machine washable like regular clothing. The T-shirt is equipped with 14 stretch sensors and a hub that houses an accelerometer gyroscope, a Bluetooth module and a micro-USB port for charging.

Xenoma offers an SDK for accessing e-skin capabilities in Java, Visual C#, Unity, and Unreal Engine apps for MacOS and iOS, as well as the Universal Windows Platform (UWP) for use with Microsoft HoloLens. A feature of the Xenoma SDK is the availability of machine learning functionality and the ability to integrate with the Google TensorFlow library.

Other interesting news:

▪ The robot goes to land

▪ The number of insects is catastrophically reduced

▪ A battery that generates electricity from human sweat

▪ Monitor Samsung S27B971DS with PLS panel 2560 x 1440 pixels

▪ Organic lasers for color displays and projectors

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Cultivated and wild plants. Article selection

▪ article by Henry Ford. Famous aphorisms

▪ article How many times larger is the Sun than the Earth? Detailed answer

▪ Hickory article. Legends, cultivation, methods of application

▪ article On the calculation of steps on a field-effect transistor. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ article Magic service. Focus Secret

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews