History and theory of religions. Preaching in Christian Culture (Most Important)

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History and theory of religions. Preaching in Christian Culture (Most Important)

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32. Sermon in the culture of Christianity

The famous "Sermon on the Mount", which sets forth the essence of Christian ethics, is both a parallel, an addition, and an antithesis to the Old Testament "Decalogue" - the Ten Chief Commandments of Judaism. The new ethics of the Sermon on the Mount continues the Old Testament and argues with it. However, a number of passages are precisely the denial of the commandments of the Old Testament.

The Sermon on the Mount allows us to present the features of early Christian preaching: the universal and eschatological scale of the sermon, its preoccupation with the "last questions" of being; its simplicity, naturalness, sincerity; its emphatically non-bookish, "street" and purely oral, unlearned character.

Early Christian preaching was called homilia (Greek omilia - meeting, community; conversation, teaching). Later, the term homiletics arose - "the rules for compiling sermons; the science of church eloquence." Information has been preserved that Origen also compiled practical guides to homiletics.

Sunday preaching in medieval Western Christianity, especially in large churches, was quite common. At the same time, normative guidelines for preaching were absent for a long time.

In the universities, in the faculties of theology, they taught the so-called "thematic" sermon, distinguishing it from the homily as a "free", unsophisticated sermon. "Thematic" sermon (it was also called "university") for several centuries was felt as the pinnacle of church-rhetorical learning.

Sermon, in a certain sense, is opposed to worship proper (liturgy). If the order of services is strictly prescribed by the Missal and the Typicon, then preaching is a free genre.

There is unpredictability in preaching and therefore the risk of being unorthodox. Therefore, the Orthodox and Catholic churches, especially in the past, in one way or another, limited the possibilities of preaching. For example, in Orthodoxy the right to preach liturgical sermons is given only to bishops and presbyters (priests), but not to deacons.

Protestants, on the contrary, actively developed preaching, seeing in free preaching a return to the purity and religious creativity of early Christian times. Rejecting all the sacraments except baptism and communion, it was precisely in preaching that the Protestants strove to see a kind of new sacramentum audibile, that is, an audible sacrament.

The flourishing of Catholic preaching, especially Jesuit preaching in the era of the counter-reformation, was partly a reaction to the successes of Protestant preaching, the search for "its own" counterbalance to what attracted Christians to Protestantism.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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