Household electrical appliances. Heaters. Scheme, description

ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Household electrical appliances. Heaters. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Free technical library

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Household Appliances

Heaters produced mainly by eminent foreign firms - DeLonghi, Ufesa, Philips, Electrolux, Honeywell, Siemens, Ewt. The range of products is standard - oil coolers, convectors, devices with an infrared emitter. These are the three main types of modern heaters, differing in the way heat is supplied. There have been no technological breakthroughs in this area recently. Basically, firms improve successful models, endowing them with additional functions, changing the design.

Oil heaters differ in the number of sections (5-12) and power (1,25-2,5 kW). More sections - the more powerful the heater, therefore, the larger the room it is able to heat.

To maintain a comfortable temperature in a room of 25 m10, a 2-section heater with a power of 2,5-10 kW is usually sufficient. A room with an area of 5 m1,0 will be heated by a XNUMX-section heater with a power of XNUMX kW.

The cost of the most popular models is 700?5000 rubles. The quality of products of foreign companies is almost the same, and the price depends on the power of the heater and a set of additional functions.

The most common and useful device is the thermostat. Its task is to automatically maintain the set temperature and turn off the device in case of overheating. A timer is also practical, which will turn on the radiator at a predetermined time without your participation, say, an hour before returning home. Not a superfluous power adjustment function at all. Often, half or even one third of the heater's power is enough to maintain a suitable temperature in the room. The "antifreeze" mode is designed to maintain the temperature not below zero.

All manufacturers annually replenish the range with a new model. Any function is new, nothing fundamentally changes.

As an example, consider an oil cooler of the Bravo series worth 2300-2900 rubles. The Ufesa radiator is equipped with a built-in humidifier, which, in fact, differs from the models of the previous series. If the capabilities of the purchased heater are not enough, it can be "upgraded". The range includes hanging heated towel rails, removable and free-standing humidifiers, electronic digital timers. At your request, the timer will turn the heater on or off at the right time, and you can program it for a day, two, a week, etc. in advance. The cost of the timer is quite high - up to 1200 rubles. (depending on modification). You can buy a new heater with a built-in timer, but then it will cost 2-3 times more.

The domestic market is dominated by two types of heaters: oil-filled and convector (convectors, fan heaters). In oil, the oil is heated inside a sealed housing. To increase heat transfer, the body of the oil heater is made ribbed.

There are radiators with "fireplace effect". These are DeLonghi Dragon series heaters. Their design feature is channels twisted in a spiral, which increase the air flow, which provides greater heat transfer at a lower wall heating temperature.

The undoubted advantage of oil coolers is the safe body temperature: it does not exceed 60 ° C, which eliminates the possibility of getting burned if accidentally touching the surface of the radiator. Another "plus" is tightness: dust does not fall on the heating elements and oxygen in the room is not burned out. In addition, oil coolers are the least flammable.

The disadvantages of oil coolers are impressive dimensions and weight, as well as slow heating.

Ideal for quickly warming up rooms convector heaters. Their principle of operation is as follows: air is driven by a fan through a heated spiral and warmly supplied to the room.

Convectors are distinguished by small dimensions, light weight (about 2 kg) and low price. If imported oil heaters cost between 1300-2700 rubles, then convector ones - 560-1800. True, the fans are noisy during operation. Another unpleasant feature is an open heating coil, which burns out oxygen in the room, releasing a specific smell.

Odor problems have been eliminated in ceramic convectors, which use a ceramic rod as a heating element: it heats up less and the dust falling on it does not burn. This heater completely retains oxygen and does not change the humidity of the air. When buying such a convector, it is necessary to check the presence of a folding filter, a carrying handle, a swivel stand and oscillation (the ability of the convector to turn 180 ° during operation) in the kit.

Convectors and oil heaters, despite their shortcomings, are in high demand among Russians. Perhaps it was this circumstance that prompted manufacturers to combine these two types of heating devices in one model. This is how the combined model was created - the DeLonghi Formula One heater. The heater (fan heater and radiator) provides accelerated heating of the room, and a special filter prevents dust from entering inside.

There is a novelty on the market - quartz devices with an infrared emitter. Fundamentally they differ from the known and tested models of heaters. They are made in the form of panels, and are attached to the wall or ceiling. Infrared radiation heats the floor, walls, furniture, which, in turn, continue to radiate heat even after the device is turned off.

In terms of safety, quartz devices are similar to oil-filled ones, practically do not dry the air and do not make noise. They are more economical, consume significantly less energy, generating the same amount of heat as oil and convector ones. The device can be used in bathrooms and living rooms, in rooms where there is no central heating (garages, covered verandas).

The listed advantages have made quartz heaters very popular in the West, in the Russian Federation, on the contrary, they are not in demand so much that many companies simply stopped supplying them to Russia. Perhaps consumers are scared away by the price - 16002500 rubles. plus an installation fee of 10-15% of the cost of the panel.

In stores you can find DeLonghi Quarz WQ 12, WQ 18, WQ 18 V (models differ from each other in the number of quartz tubes (2-3) and power (0,6, 1,2 and 1,8 kW)). DeLonghi Turbo Quarz WQ 18 V, unlike its predecessors, is equipped with a fan for faster and more even heat distribution. Similar infrared equipment is supplied by the Swedish company Frico. When buying a quartz heater, it is necessary to check the protection against water and dust getting on the emitters.

Space heating with "heat guns"Turned from domestic to industrial. "Heat guns" resemble ordinary thermal fans, but their dimensions exceed them one and a half times. Their body is made not of ordinary plastic, but of steel. Due to the increased air flow through the heating element, these heaters are able to warm up in half an hour coldest room.

"Heat guns" cost about 7 thousand rubles, consume a lot of energy and are noisy.

These devices are good for drying and heating rooms with an area of more than 25 m2.

Domestic heaters are rare for sale, the choice of products is small. Usually the range is limited to 2-3 models. The performance characteristics of domestic heaters leave much to be desired. So, the oil radiator "Electroterm-1" ERMB manufactured by the Pskov plant "Electroterm" has a maximum power of 0,75 kW, and the electric convector "Comfort-ZM", manufactured by the Vologda Convector Plant, has a maximum power of 1,25 kW. Against the background of imported analogues, such characteristics look unconvincing. The same can be said about product design and build quality. True, the cost of domestic heaters is very modest.

The design of Russian devices manufactured according to the so-called space technology - the widely advertised "Good Heat" and "Terminator" - is quite simple: a rectangular plastic case, inside which an electric heating element passes. "Kind heat" and "Terminator" can be fixed to the wall with nails or screws. In these devices, compactness, lightness and flexibility are captivating, which makes them convenient for transportation. However, the advantages, which are mentioned in the advertising of products, are limited by numerous "buts". For example, products can be bent, but kinks must not be allowed; can be hung in the bathroom, but if moisture gets on them, immediately remove it; you can walk on the panel, but only barefoot; you can dry clothes or vegetables, but the second side of the panel must be open, etc.

Both "Kind Heat" and "Terminator" have a serious design flaw: when the set temperature is reached, the devices do not automatically turn off. There are claims to these products from the side of fire safety.

Author: Bannikov E.A.

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