History and theory of religions. Confucianism (most important)

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History and theory of religions. Confucianism (most important)

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15. Confucianism

Confucianism focuses on ethical rules, social norms, and regulation of government, in the formation of which it was very conservative. It was also characteristic of this doctrine that questions of an ontological nature were secondary in it.

Confucius is considered the first Chinese philosopher. He acquired great authority and almost deification in the era of the Han Dynasty and until modern times was revered as a sage and the first teacher. Confucius's thoughts have been preserved in the form of his conversations with students and are recorded in the book Conversations with Students.

Confucius focuses on educating a person in a spirit of respect and reverence towards others, towards society. The ethics of Confucius understands a person in connection with his social function, and education is leading a person to the proper performance of this function. Order in him is established thanks to the ideal universality, the relationship of man to nature and, in particular, the relationship between people. The order acts as an ethical category, which also includes the rules of external behavior - etiquette.

To maintain subordination and order, Confucius develops the principle of justice and serviceability. Correct behavior is behavior with respect for order and humanity, for "a noble man understands what is serviceable, just as small people understand what is profitable."

Since the bulk of Confucius's teachings concern purely secular matters, many Western scholars argue that Confucianism is not a religion, but only a moral teaching. Confucius, at first glance, spoke little and reluctantly on religious topics. But, without delving into the subtleties of religious theory, Confucius at the same time attached great importance to religious practice. The administration of a religious cult was the responsibility of every official, naturally jun tzu - an ideal official, had to perfectly know religious practice. It was religion, according to Confucius, that link that connected all the norms of behavior in society into a single coherent system.

Confucius himself also considered himself a conductor of the will of Heaven, who reveals to his contemporaries the "eternal truths" they have forgotten.

The recognition of Confucian writings as sacred, as well as the addition of the cult of Confucius (the deification of a person, a temple on the site of his dwelling, rituals and prayers addressed to Confucius), occurred five centuries after the death of Confucius - on the threshold of a new era.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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