History and theory of religions. Jewish worship (most important)

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History and theory of religions. Jewish worship (most important)

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27. Jewish worship

"Torah" ("Pentateuch of Moses"), the main book of Judaism should be fully read every year in the synagogue. Even the sages of the Talmud divided the Torah into weekly readings, and each weekly reading into seven parts (according to the number of days in a week). An excerpt from the "Torah" is performed by one of the members of the community, called "the man of reading." In reality, he does not read, but sings "Torah" according to special notes, which must be known by heart. At every service, the reading of the Torah is usually accompanied by a rabbinic interpretation of the verse or topic of the reading. Discourse in the synagogue about the "Torah" or Judaism is called dwar Torah, which means "the word of the Torah." This kind of sermon can be delivered not only by a rabbi, but by every believer. From the Tanakh, in addition to the "Torah", selected passages of the books of the prophets are read in the synagogue, usually thematically related to the sounded chapters of the "Torah". That "Torah", which is read in the synagogue, must be a scroll and must be written by hand. In the synagogue or in the room in which the Jews pray to God, the Torah scrolls are kept in a special closet called the sacred ark. The climax of the Saturday morning service comes after the end of the reading, when two members of the community are called to perform the rite of "lifting the Torah" and "dressing the Torah." The scroll is taken out of the ark, while the worshipers sing from the "Book of the Prophet Isaiah." The scroll is raised above the head and carried around the synagogue so that everyone can see the text, while it is supposed to unfold the scroll so wide that several columns of text can be seen at once. If a heavy, usually over 10 kg, scroll is dropped on the floor, then all witnesses to this must fast all day.

The basis of the Jewish prayer book is the psalms - 150 hymns of the Old Testament book "Psalter". The name of the book "Psalter" is Greek and later.

In the Tanakh, the book of psalms is called "Songs of Praise". Tradition connects them with the name of King David.

A sermon in the temple always contains, to one degree or another, an interpretation of the Scriptures, since this is the general goal of a sermon - to bring the meaning of the word of God to the minds of people. In religion, preaching is as organic as prayer. This is the fundamental, primary genre of religious communication. The elements of preaching may already be present in Scripture. This is a fairly common occurrence for the "Tanakh" ("Old Testament"), since the Jewish Holy Scripture is a mythologized history of the Jewish people, and not only the commandments of God, but also the sermons of the prophet associated with them turned out to be included in the historical narrative.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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