History and theory of religions. Classic Books of Chinese Education (Most Important)

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History and theory of religions. Classic Books of Chinese Education (Most Important)

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14. Classical books of Chinese learning

These books originated in the first half of the first millennium BC. e. and during the period of a hundred schools (VI-II centuries BC) a number of these books contain ancient poetry, history, legislation and philosophy. Basically, these are works by unknown authors, written at different times. Confucian thinkers paid special attention to them, and, starting from the XNUMXnd century BC. e., these books became the main ones in the humanitarian education of the Chinese intelligentsia. Knowing them was a sufficient prerequisite for passing state examinations for the position of an official.

The creator of orthodox Confucianism as a state ideology, Dong Zhongshu, considered Confucius himself to be the author of the classic books. However, supporters of the old texts assigned Confucius only the role of an interpreter. The dispute about the origin and interpretation of the Classical books flares up again and again until the beginning of the XNUMXth century.

The book of songs (Shi jing, XI-VI centuries BC) is a collection of ancient folk poetry; it also contains cult chants and, according to some commentators on the Book of Changes, a mystical explanation of the origin of tribes, crafts and things. She became a model for Chinese poetry in its further development.

The book of history (Shu jing - the beginning of the first millennium BC) - also known as Shang shu (Shang documents) - is a collection of official documents, descriptions of historical events. It had a great influence on the formation of later official writing.

The book of order (Li shu IV-I centuries BC) includes three parts: the Order of the Zhou era (Zhou li), the Order of ceremonies (Yi li) and the Notes on Order (Li ji).

It includes a description of the correct organization, political and religious ceremonies, norms of social and political activity. The book of spring and autumn, together with the commentary of Zuo (Zuo zhuan, XNUMXth century BC), is a chronicle of the state of Lu (XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries BC), subsequently served as a model and measure for resolving ethical and formal literary questions.

The Book of Changes (I Ching, XII-VI centuries BC) is the most important. It contains the first ideas about the world and man in Chinese philosophy. In her texts, written at different times, the beginning of the transition from the mythological image of the world to its philosophical understanding can be traced. It reflects the oldest solutions to ontological issues, developed a conceptual apparatus used by subsequent Chinese philosophy. The "Book of Changes" laid the foundations and principles for the development of philosophical thinking in China.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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