History and theory of religions. Islam (most important)

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History and theory of religions. Islam (most important)

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34. Islam

Islam, the youngest of the world religions, developed under the strong influence of the religions of neighboring peoples - Judaism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism. Like these traditions, Islam belongs to the religions of Scripture. At the same time, the features inherent in the religions of Scripture, and, above all, the non-conventional interpretation of the linguistic sign (literalism in the interpretation or translation of the sign; conservative and protective attitude towards the sacred text; fundamental indistinguishability of some signs and what they denote), are expressed in Islam with the greatest fullness and strength. This originality of Islam is manifested in various events in its history, as well as in a number of dogmas and special regulations regarding the practice of using the Koran in worship, its translation, interpretation, study at school, etc.

Islam is often written about as a simple religion, inheriting the mentality of a clan or a neighboring community and accessible to the masses of ordinary people. Indeed, in Islam there are no such supernatural paradoxes as the Virgin Mother of God and the Immaculate Conception, the God-man or God the Son as the sent down Word of God the Father. Therefore, it is natural that many of the problems that worried Christian theologians for centuries, and the essence of which boiled down to the need to rationally comprehend the super-rationality of Scripture, simply did not arise in Islam.

Islam is not only faith and religion. Islam is a way of life, the Qur'an is an "Arabic law book", and it is this "interlacing" of Islam in everyday and responsible life situations that creates the fundamental originality of Islam and explains the main collisions of Islamic theology. In comparison with Islam, Christian theology appears to be extremely speculative and abstract, far from life.

Islamic theology, in comparison with Christian, seems to be much more concerned with jurisprudence and daily rituals in everyday life than with disputes about the attributes of Allah, the uncreation of the Koran, or the Divine predestination of human destiny. In addition, the extreme and radical monotheism inherent in Islam immediately ruled out the very possibility of Muslim analogues of the Holy Trinity.

The originality of Muslim theology is sometimes seen in a certain semantic disintegration of the picture of the world.

The Islamic complete creed is called aqida (Arabic for "faith, dogma"). There is also an abbreviated Creed - "Shahada" (from the Arabic "shahida" - to testify).

The two main tenets of Islam are:

1) there is one, only, eternal and almighty God - Allah;

2) Allah chose an Arab from Mecca, Mohammed, as his messenger.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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