History and theory of religions. Holy Fathers of the Church (most important)

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History and theory of religions. Holy Fathers of the Church (most important)

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29. Holy Fathers of the Church

According to Christian biblical studies, the New Testament was written by four evangelists (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John) and the apostles James, John, Jude and Paul, that is, eight people. In the hierarchy of Christian authorities, the authors of the New Testament occupy the top place, while the apostles are called the first - they were revered above the evangelists, since the apostles were direct disciples and messengers of Jesus Christ and knew him personally. They were the most accurate in conveying what Christ taught. They adhered to the principle of ipse dixit ("he said"). But Christianity expanded and, on the one hand, the codification of the doctrine began to take place, and on the other hand, a comprehensive Christian picture of the world was created. The semantic, meaningful increment to the original Christianity took place over the course of six centuries - from the XNUMXnd to the XNUMXth centuries. the work of many generations of scribes. The developed powerful layer of new information, in order to be accepted by society, needed a general recognition of the authority of the creators of information. The reference ipse dixit - "said himself" - should have been extended from the apostles to new authors. They began to be called the fathers of the church or the holy fathers of the church, and their works - patristic creations, or patristics. The patristic writings became the second most important body of Christian doctrinal texts - Sacred Tradition. Although the church did not adopt a special canonical decree on who should be considered the fathers of the church, there were still certain criteria. In particular, the church fathers must be canonized as saints. Therefore, such prominent theologians as Origen, Eusebius of Caesarea, Tertullian are not considered the fathers of the church, but only church writers. For the same reason, the list of Western (who wrote in Latin) and Eastern Fathers (who wrote in Greek) does not match. The pinnacle of Eastern (Byzantine) patristics are the works of the so-called Cappadocian circle - Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and Gregory of Nyssa in the XNUMXth century. The most prominent representative of Latin patristics was Bishop St. Augustine Aurelius, recognized by subsequent tradition as the "teacher of the West".

The Byzantine theologian, encyclopedist St. John of Damascus (650-754) and Pope Gregory the Great (540-604), the initiator of the Christianization of England, the compiler of the ecclesiastical legal code for the clergy "Pastoral Rule" and the author of "Explanations on Job or XXXV books on morality."

The corpus of patristic writings is almost boundless. The most complete, however, the remaining unfinished edition was undertaken in Paris in the middle of the 400th century. Abbe J.P. Minem. It contains nearly XNUMX volumes.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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