History and theory of religions. Religious canon in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism (most important)

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History and theory of religions. Religious canon in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism (most important)

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48. Religious canon in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism

The expressions sacred canon, religious books of the Buddhist canon, canonization of Confucian teachings, and the like are quite common in literature on the history of oriental religions and literatures. Using such terminology, however, it should be borne in mind that its meaning in relation to the East differs significantly both from the Christian ideas of the same name, and in general from the concept of the sacred canon in the religions of Scripture. For the teachings and religious practice of Buddhism and Taoism in their various variations (Lamaism, Zen Buddhism, late Taoists), for Confucianism and non-Confucianism, a fideistic attitude to the word is not typical, including non-conventional (unconditional) perception of a linguistic sign, usually associated with fideism in relation to the word - a phenomenon whose diverse manifestations and cultural consequences have become the main subject of this book. Therefore, in relation to the named religions of the East, the terms religious canon and the like should be understood, of course, adjusted for a completely different attitude to the word.

The canonization of Buddhist or Confucian writings is rather a historical and textual codification of monuments, their relatively uniform rewriting, editing, and reduction of circulating manuscripts into a more or less visible system.

For the followers of the Buddha or Lao Tzu, the authority and even the sacredness of the teachings were not as closely connected with language and text as in the West. Therefore, they did not identify spelling with orthodoxy, did not burn books that differed from the canonical ones by several verbal formulas, and did not execute for "heretical" translations.

As for Buddhism, he apparently never knew a single language. At first, sermons were distributed orally, with the Buddha himself instructing his followers to present his teaching in their native languages. In Buddhism, it is not necessary to believe even in the Buddha - it is important to believe in the teachings of the Buddha. One of the themes of meditation adopted by the monks of a Chinese or Japanese monastery is to doubt the existence of the Buddha.

A complete version of the Buddhist teachings has been preserved in the Pali language; the entry was made in the XNUMXst century BC. BC e. on about. Ceylon (Sri Lanka). The Pali canon is called "Tripi-taka", i.e. "Three baskets (laws)" - they say that in ancient times the teachings were written on palm leaves and these texts were kept in wicker baskets.

Buddhist and Taoist distrust of the word, the ability of language to help intuition, is continued in the school of Jiddu Krishnamurti and the ethical and mystical teachings of the East close to him.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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