History and theory of religions. Zoroastrianism (most important)

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History and theory of religions. Zoroastrianism (most important)

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23. Zoroastrianism

The name Zoroastrianism is associated with the name of Zoroaster, the prophet god Mazda. the same religion is sometimes called Mazdaism - after the name of the main god Agur Mazda;

the term fire-worship is also encountered.

The name of the sacred book of Zoroastrianism "Avesta" appeared not at the time of Zoroaster, but much later, when the texts of the doctrine were being codified. In the Middle Persian language Avesta means "code". Despite the striking divergence of opinions about the years of Zoroaster's life, most researchers consider him a real person. Between the XNUMXth and XNUMXth centuries BC e. Zarathushtra spent decades in the mountains, in solitary prayers and meditations.

In the face of the ancient God of light and truth, Ahura Mazda, Zarathushtra discovered the one God and Creator and therefore acted as a militant opponent of polytheism. He preached the moral freedom of man and the responsibility of his choice in the total opposition of the world forces of Good and Evil. Despite the divergence of opinions about the years of Zoroaster's life, most researchers consider him a real person. He was the first in the history of mankind to come to a new, eschatological, vision of the world, i.e. to the perception of the existence of mankind as an expectation of the End of the World, the Last Judgment and eternal life in heaven or hell, depending on the righteousness or sinfulness of everyone's life.

Zoroastrianism had an impact on a number of religious traditions of the Near and Middle East (primarily in the dissemination of the ideas of monotheism-fidelity and service to the one God of Good, as well as eschatological ideas).

The proximity of the Zoroastrian religion to monotheism is so great that the famous Orthodox theologian A. V. Men was ready to "recognize in Zarathustra a brother and like-minded Israeli prophets, a pagan forerunner of Christ on Iranian soil."

In the history of Zoroastrianism, there were forces and circumstances that did not allow for a long time to consolidate and preserve the teachings of Zarathushtra in writing. If in most mythological and religious traditions the creation of a letter is understood as a blessing and a valuable gift to people, then the ancient Iranians considered the letter an invention of an evil spirit and therefore unsuitable for recording the sacred words of the prophet. The sermons, prayers and sayings of Zarathushtra were memorized for almost a thousand years and transmitted from memory in an already dead language, and only in the XNUMXth-XNUMXth centuries. a new alphabet was specially created to write them down. Liturgical rhythmic texts, directly related to the name of Zoroaster, were "Bats". This is the oldest part of the sacred book of Zoroastrianism.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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