History and theory of religions. "Sunnah". Prophet Muhammad (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
Free library / Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

History and theory of religions. "Sunnah". Prophet Muhammad (most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Table of contents (expand)

36. Sunnah. Prophet Muhammad

For Muslims, the role of the Holy Tradition, designed to supplement and explain the Koran, is played by the "Sunnah" - the biography of the creator of religion.

The life of Muhammad could form a kind of Islamic sacred history and at the same time serve as an example of a righteous life and struggle for Islam. This text became the "Sunnah of the Prophet".

In functional terms, the "Sunnah" is a doctrinal source of the "second order", while in terms of content it is a biography of the prophet. The Arabic word sunna, which has become the designation of the biography of Muhammad and the Islamic Holy Tradition, literally means "path, example, model." The Sunnah contains stories about the actions and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. The religious and ethical norms approved by the "Sunnah" reflect the customs and rules of the Arab urban community, supplemented by the norms of Muslim orthodoxy. This is the second foundation of Islamic law. The expression "observe the Sunnah" means to imitate Muhammad, to lead a correct Muslim life. There was also a stable formula "In the name of the Book of Allah and the Sunnah of his prophet."

In Islam, there are almost no known conflicts related to differences in understanding the opposition "Holy Scripture (Koran) - Holy Tradition (Sunnah of the Prophet)". In the IX-X centuries. "Sunnah" is beginning to be read almost on a par with the Koran. The "Sunnah of the Prophet" was called very early to supplement the word of Allah. As a sign of reverence for the "Sunnah," legitimate Muslims began to call themselves Ahl Assunnah, that is, "people of the Sunnah, or Sunnis." However, the Shiite currents and sects opposing the Sunnis also revere the "Sunnah of the Prophet" along with the Koran. The first distributors of the "Sunnah" were the companions of Muhammad, who, in various conflicting or difficult cases of life, began to recall the actions of the prophet as an argument in a dispute.

Traditions from the life of the prophet began to be called hadiths (Arabic for "story"). Early oral hadiths date back to the second half of the XNUMXth and early XNUMXth centuries. In the VIII-IX centuries. Hadith began to be written down. The "Sunnah" as a whole took shape by the XNUMXth century. The first and main difference between the "main" collections of hadiths and the "non-main" ones is the degree of authority of the narrator.

The two main directions in Islam - Sunnism and Shiism - differ from each other in the antiquity of the hadiths they recognize as sacred and, therefore, canonical sources of law. Shiites recognize only those hadiths that go back to Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law Caliph Ali and his two sons. For the Sunnis, the circle of sacred collections of hadiths is much wider, and they recognize not only Ali, but also some other caliphs as the legitimate successors of Muhammad.

Author: Pankin S.F.

<< Back: Koran

>> Forward: islamic worship

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Normal human anatomy. Crib

▪ Theory of accounting. Lecture notes

▪ English for doctors. Lecture notes

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive

Ocean heat waves threaten marine life 11.03.2019

When heat hits the land, the oceans also experience peak temperatures, which translate into heatwaves. Because of global warming, they are happening much more frequently now than they did in the last century, and are hurting marine life, according to a new study by an international team of scientists.

The study looked at the impact of marine heat waves on the diversity of life in the ocean. Researchers have found that these heatwaves are disrupting the structure of many ocean ecosystems, from coral reefs to kelp to seafloor creatures.

Marine heatwaves occur when sea temperatures are significantly above normal for at least five consecutive days. Scientists have calculated that the oceans have been absorbing more than 90 percent of the heat from excess greenhouse gases since the middle of the century. Humans add these gases to the atmosphere mainly by burning fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas.

This excess heat increases not only basic ocean temperatures, but also the frequency and duration of marine heatwaves, which are detrimental to all organisms living in the water.

Other interesting news:

▪ Ingenic tablet with Android 4.0 for $120

▪ Heart for biorobots

▪ Internet by rope

▪ Biostar Accessory for Cryptocurrency Mining

▪ Effective sleep training

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ section of the site Biographies of great scientists. Article selection

▪ article Russian literature of the XX century in brief. Crib

▪ article What is energy? Detailed answer

▪ article Locksmith construction. Standard instruction on labor protection

▪ article Refinement of the multimeter MY-67. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

▪ Article Simple robot. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages of this page

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews