History and theory of religions. Mythological and religious consciousness (most important)

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History and theory of religions. Mythological and religious consciousness (most important)

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8. Mythological and religious consciousness

Mythological and religious consciousness includes the following components: faith as a psychological attitude to accept certain information and follow it, regardless of the degree of its plausibility or proof, often despite possible doubts; mythopoetic content (visual-figurative); theoretical component (abstract-logical); intuitive and mystical content.

The abstract-theoretical component of religious consciousness in different traditions can be significantly different in terms of the ratio of the speculative and irrational principles in it.

In the structure of the religious consciousness of each religion, to one degree or another, there is a mystical component, but this measure can be significantly different. Mystical talent was observed in many thinkers, preachers, religious writers. But the nature of mystical insights and mystical knowledge remains a mystery.

As far as the psychological, human significance of religious content is concerned, in comparison with any other information that can circulate in human society, religious content has the maximum value. This is due to two circumstances: firstly, religion is looking for answers to the most important questions of life; secondly, her answers, having great generalizing power, are by no means abstract; they are addressed not so much to logic as to more complex, subtle and intimate areas of human consciousness - to his soul, mind, imagination, intuition, feeling, desires, conscience.

Mythological consciousness is a primitive collective (general ethnic) visual-figurative representation of the world with an obligatory divine component. In non-terminological usage, the words "mythological consciousness", "mythology" denote certain fragments, links, features of the mythological worldview that have been preserved in the consciousness of later eras. The mythological consciousness of the primitive world includes the entire spiritual and mental life of the ancient society.

In contrast to the actual mythological consciousness of antiquity, the concept of "religious consciousness", firstly, is opposed to other forms of social consciousness; secondly, religious consciousness is more complex than the mythological representations of antiquity; thirdly, religious consciousness is individualized and is present in the minds of individual members of society.

Mythology is, as it were, the "pre-religion" of antiquity. However, mythological representations should not be identified with the religion of precisely non-literate eras. The process of separating religious consciousness from the mythological one lasted for many millennia.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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