History and theory of religions. The cult of ancestors and nature in Chinese mythology. Yin-Yang Principles (Most Important)

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History and theory of religions. The cult of ancestors and nature in Chinese mythology. Yin-Yang Principles (Most Important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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13. The cult of ancestors and nature in Chinese mythology. yin yang principles

In Chinese mythology, the deification of heaven, earth and all nature as realities that form the environment of human existence is often found. From this mythologized environment, the highest principle stands out, which rules the world, gives existence to things. This principle is sometimes understood personified as the highest ruler (shandi), but more often it is represented by the word "heaven" (tian).

All nature is animated - every thing, place and phenomenon has its own demons.

The same is true of the dead. The veneration of the souls of dead ancestors subsequently led to the formation of an ancestor cult and contributed to the conservative thinking in ancient China. Spirits could open a veil over the future to a person, influence the behavior and activities of people.

At this time, fortune-telling practice with the use of magic formulas and communication with spirits became widespread in China. For these purposes, with the help of pictographic writing, questions were applied to the bones of cattle or turtle shells.

A feature of the development of Chinese philosophical thought is the influence of the so-called wise men - sages. Their names are unknown, but it is known that it was they who began to go beyond the mythological vision of the world and strove for its conceptual understanding.

The communal organization of society, whether it was tribal communities or communities of early feudalism, maintained social relations. Hence the interest in the problems of managing society and state organization. The formulation of ontological questions, thus, was determined by the philosophical and anthropological orientation. Chinese philosophy is internally unusually stable. This stability was based on emphasizing the exclusivity of the Chinese way of thinking, on the basis of which a sense of superiority and intolerance to all other philosophical views was formed.

The principles of yin and yang are involved in the relationship between heaven and earth, in the affairs of this limited world, and in the movement of the world. Yang is defined as something active, all-pervading, illuminating the way of knowing things; for yin the passive role of expectation, the dark beginning is defined.

The alternation of yin and yang is called the path (tao), and this path is lived by all things. From the interpenetration of yin and yang, six main categories arise, reflecting the interaction of yin and yang. The Book of Changes traces the Tao - the way of things and the way of the world in motion. The “three givens” stand out especially in it, which move along their own paths, but always together: heaven, earth, man.

All human knowledge is aimed at distinguishing, designating and understanding everything that exists.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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