History and theory of religions. Christian Worship (Most Important)

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History and theory of religions. Christian Worship (Most Important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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31. Christian worship

There are two main genres of texts in Christianity:

1) a symbol of faith;

2) catechism.

In early Christianity, a catechism is an oral instruction to those preparing to be baptized. Preparation for baptism (catechesis) in the Russian church tradition was called "announcement", and those who underwent such training were called "catechumens". There was also the word "catechumen" - a book of teachings for those preparing to accept Christianity, and the expression "catechumenized words" - teachings for catechumens.

All Christian joint services, including the main of them - the liturgy - include common prayers, singing and reading passages from sacred books (Old and New Testament writings of the Church Fathers). Liturgy is a divine service during which the sacrament of the Eucharist (thanksgiving), or the communion of believers to God, is performed. Liturgy established by Jesus Christ at the Last Supper. The composition and sequence of prayers, chants and readings depends on three time coordinates that determine the place of a particular service in three cycles:

1) in daily worship;

2) in the church year (in relation to non-passing holidays, as well as holidays in honor of saints, icons and days of memory);

3) in the Paschal cycle, i.e., in relation to Great Lent, Holy Week, mobile, or moving holidays.

At the same time, the rite of the liturgy was distinguished by particular complexity. In the Orthodox Church, a special genre of liturgical books for the priest and deacon was developed - the Missal. On church holidays and on the days of memory of certain saints, special chants, prayers and readings dedicated to the corresponding holiday or saint are included in the service. There are special liturgical books that contain the texts of such additions, arranged in calendar order, by months - these are the Menaions.

The circle of those texts that are read and sung in Christian worship includes almost all the texts of the New Testament (excluding the Apocalypse), a number of texts of the "Old Testament", further prayers and hymns of apostolic times, the Creed, patristic hymns and prayers, excerpts from lives.

Every service has a fixed component that is required for all services, and a variable component. It depends on what day of the week and year the service is performed. Therefore, the books used in Christian worship are numerous and form a complex and rather strict system. The key to this system is the Missal and the Typicon, the two main liturgical books.

Of the books of the "Old Testament" in Christian worship, the "Psalter" is most widely used.

Author: Pankin S.F.

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