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ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
Jet ship. Physical experiments
Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children It will be a model, a small model of a jet ship. Having made it, you will be able to observe how, under the action of a reactive force, it floats through the entire bath (or trough) filled with water. Its jet "fuel" is wooden balls with a diameter of 3 centimeters. This model is launched in a somewhat unusual way - with a drop of water from a pipette. How does this model work? On a flat-bottomed boat 30 centimeters long glued from waterproof cardboard, on its deck, there are two "rails" of thin round sticks. On these "rails" located along the boat, there are three wooden balls. The "rails" can rotate a little on the transverse axis if you lift their end, which is closer to the bow of the boat. Under this end of the "rails", connected by a plank, a wedge-shaped cut of a small wooden block is brought. The other end of the bar rests against the movable leg of a safety pin. The safety pin is firmly attached to the board. Near her movable leg, next to it, there is an emphasis. A piece of pressed refined sugar the size of a pea is pressed against the stop. The stem of the pin is slightly compressed and rests against this sugar. That's the whole device. When the boat is ready for launch, you need to drop water from a pipette onto the sugar. Sugar, when wet, instantly crumbles, the leg of the pin unbends with force, presses on a wooden block, it lifts the "rails" with its wedge-shaped end, and the balls from them roll down onto the inclined part of the deck at the stern, and from it into the water. Breaking away from the stern, the balls give the boat three jet pushes in succession, and it moves forward. To make a boat, you need to use thin, lightweight cardboard. Milk bags are very suitable for this purpose. A narrow and tall blue or red liter bag has a great advantage: it is waterproof. If you use another cardboard, then it will be necessary to coat the places of contact with water with drying oil. In the description of the boat given here, we will focus on the milk package. Its dimensions are 19,5x7x7 centimeters.
The package is cut lengthwise into two halves. A strip of 2,5-3 centimeters is left at each cut wall, the rest is cut off. To that part of the box that will be the hull of our ship, you need to glue on its open end, in its entire width, a cardboard corner from another box. This will be food. Make its side a little lower than the other sides - 1,5 centimeters high. To the middle of the stern, to the bottom, glue a steering wheel made of cardboard 10 long and 6 centimeters wide with waterproof glue. The steering wheel is fixed tightly in the "straight" position. A sharp nose with a bottom is glued to the front of the body. Water resistance is ensured by adhesive tape. Another part of the cut box is inserted into the ship's hull. This will be his deck. At 12 centimeters from the front end of the deck, where a narrow strip of the bottom of the box has been preserved, the slope to the stern should begin. To do this, you need to cut the corners along their length so that you can bend the deck down and press it tightly against the aft wall of the hull. Now you need to make a mechanism that sets the ship in motion. On a thin plank measuring 4,5x7 centimeters, "rails" made of two round wooden sticks 0,5 centimeters thick are installed in wooden bearings. Their length is 10 centimeters. At the end where the "rails" will be closer to the bow of the ship, strengthen the transverse stick. Here, to the board on which the "rails" are mounted, attach vertically a wooden board with a rectangular window against the end of the "rails". Insert a wooden block measuring 4X1.2X1 cm into the window. Its end facing the "rails" should be beveled. The beveled end, when the bar moves in the window, will pry off the transverse bar and raise the ends of the "rails" by 1,2 centimeters. On a thin wooden board measuring 4x4 centimeters, fasten the safety pin well (its shoulder with a locking lock). Her movable leg should not be constrained by anything in her movements. When it is opened to failure, fasten a bracket on the board next to it, made from the bow of a paper clip. Between this bracket and the leg of the pin, if it is squeezed a little, a small piece of pressed refined sugar is placed. The sugar cube needs to be filed a little, then it will have two flat sides and it will hold well between the bracket and the leg of the pin. Place a paper clip under the stem of the pin so that there is a small gap between the stem and the board. Attach both planks to the deck using push pins. Stick the buttons into the boards from the inside of the deck. Insert the deck into the ship's hull and do not secure it with anything. When everything is ready - the sugar is in place, the balls are put on the "rails" and the ship is lowered into the water - we can run our model. And how this is done has already been said earlier. Having mastered the launch with three balls, see how the boat reacts to a decrease in "charge" by launching it with two or one ball. The ship must be very light, its inertia must be minimal, then it will be easier for it to start moving and it will move faster. If you don't have wooden balls, you can replace them with celluloid table tennis balls by piercing them with a pin and filling them with water. Then, in the manufacture of "rails", it will be necessary to increase the distance between them.
If it turns out that such balls threaten to turn the boat over with their weight, reduce their number. Having shown ingenuity, one can also make such a model in which the "exhausts" - dropping each ball into the water - will be separated by a certain period of time. To do this, it is necessary that each ball has its own safety pin with a sugar charge, and that the stem of the pin not only pushes the ball into the water, but also presses the pipette rubber, splashing the sugar at the neighboring pin. The neighboring pin, dropping its ball, will also sprinkle the sugar at the third pin, and the third pin will also drop its ball into the water. There will be a pause between each reset. Think for yourself how to do it. But first, adjust everything on the table, and only then install it on the ship. Author: Rabiza F.V.
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