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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Universal charger
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells As you know, the cost of galvanic cells has increased significantly. Therefore, many owners of portable radio equipment are starting to use batteries. And they need to be charged in a timely and correct manner. Of course, when there is not much equipment used (and besides, all of it is of the same type), there is no problem with charging. After all, it is much easier to get a good charger (charger) for a renewable source of electricity in a single "radio tweeter" than, say, to ensure the viability of both a flashlight (and it contains 2xD-0.55C) and an all-wave receiver (5xD-0,26D) , and tester (ZxD-0,06). In addition, it should be taken into account that the memory offered by the market is mostly expensive, not very reliable, designed only for a certain type of battery and a strictly fixed number of cells. Such devices also have other disadvantages. In particular, before charging, the batteries must be removed from the device in which they are installed, and then the reverse procedure must be done, avoiding "reverse polarity" or short circuits. Given this, I want to share a technical solution that can, as they say, cut the Gordian knot of problems and unify battery charging for all portable equipment available in the apartment. It is only necessary to assemble a self-made "Standard" charger based on the TVK-110/1 transformer, which has the following parameters:
The device consists of the charger itself, a charging cable with two plugs (connected by the same contacts), usually used in 9-volt power supplies (PSUs), and a counterpart (chargeable) part. Everything here is simple and understandable even for a beginner. An electronic assembly assembled on a transistor VT1 is a charging indicator. It allows you to prevent an unpleasant situation when time is spent, and charging did not occur due to poor contact in the battery or connector. When the charging current flows across the resistor R3, a voltage drop occurs. Diode VD5 "cuts" it at a level of 0,6 V. At the same time, an opening current VT1 flows in the base circuit, limited by resistor R2. The HL1 LED is working, the brightness of which remains constant over the entire range of charging currents. Rectifier bridge diodes - any semiconductor. The main thing is that they are designed for a working current of at least 0,3 A. But VD5 is necessarily silicon (the type is indicated in the diagram).
As practice shows, not only MP1A, but also semiconductor triodes of the MP40, MP25, GT26 series work perfectly as VT403. We completely replace the transformer T1. Instead of the TVK-110L indicated on the diagram (television, from the vertical scanning tube cascade), you can use any other one (including the "silovik") that can provide the load with the necessary voltage and current. The next feature of the memory in question is directly related to the transformer used. The fact is that power supplies based on the same TVK-110L are quite popular among sa-modellers. So, the owner of such a PSU may not assemble a new universal memory, but additionally equip an existing unit with the necessary circuits. In this case, it is recommended to install the connector directly on the radiator of the P213 control transistor (again, without isolating the bracket case from the socket attachment site). And, finally, the response (charging) part of the proposed technical solution. The main "highlight" here is that the elements that determine the charging mode are not installed in the memory, but in the device that consumes electricity. In the simplest case, this is a connector and a current-limiting resistor. There is a place for such elements even in the smallest device. The calculation of the required resistor is carried out (rounded to the nearest value) according to the formulas:
where: N is the number of cells in the battery (pcs.), C is the battery capacity (A * h), R is the resistance of the resistor (Ohm), R is the rated power dissipation (W).
If there are seven elements in the battery, it is desirable (and with eight - it is necessary) to solder a current stabilizer into the circuit instead of a resistor (made, say, on a field-effect transistor). Otherwise, due to the increase in charging voltage, the current will drop significantly. The rules for using the memory "Standard" are simple. Without thinking about any polarities, currents and voltages, connecting to the consumer with a cable, turn on the device in the network and put the batteries on charge. Charging time 12-15 hours (for a fully discharged power source). Those who wish can make their charger even more efficient by replacing the considered charging current indicator with a more advanced one. The signal about the operation of the circuit here is no longer given by the AL307GM LED, but by a special assembly APS331: in the absence of charging current - red, if present - green.
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