Solar collectors. Accumulation tank. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Solar collectors. Accumulation tank. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Solar heat is accumulated in the tank due to the fact that hot water is stored in it. Tanks vary in size. All of them are connected to the inlet pipe for cold water and the outlet pipe for hot water, as well as to the circulation pipes. The most efficient is a vertical tank with a temperature gradient along the height, while the cold water at the inlet does not mix with the hot water at the top of the tank. In the presence of a horizontal tank, the system performance is reduced by 10-20%.

The heat from the solar collector is transferred to the water in the tank using a heat exchanger. As a heat exchanger, a coil is usually used at the bottom of the tank or a shell around the tank with the heat transfer fluid. In systems with natural circulation and low liquid flows, a sheath is usually used. In the case of low flows, the heat transfer fluid flows slowly through the shell of the storage tank, which makes it possible to achieve a temperature gradient of the fluid in the shell in accordance with the distribution in the tank. This improves heat transfer, which means that efficiency increases compared to traditional systems.

The storage tank must be well insulated so that the water in it does not cool down at night. Heat loss depends on many factors (air temperature, wind, season, etc.) and is about 0,5-1 degrees Celsius per hour during the night. The insulation of the tank must be so reliable that the water heated on a sunny day remains hot for two days. Particular attention should be paid to the insulation of the upper part of the tank and the absence of thermal bridges. Experience shows that the minimum thickness of the layer of insulating material should be 100 mm.

It must be ensured that the system of pipes connected to the tank does not allow spontaneous circulation, due to which it can become empty, even if hot water has not been used. The hot water drain pipe must be connected to the cold water pipes and to the top of the tank. The outlet of the storage tank is equipped with a maximum temperature regulator so that the consumer receives water with a temperature not higher than, for example, 60

The volume of the storage tank of the solar installation should be 80 liters per person, with a consumption of hot water of 50 liters per day. These are average values. If the house has a dishwasher or washing machine, if there are several children who take a bath every day, these needs should also be taken into account when calculating the total water consumption.

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