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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instructions on labor protection for employees of printing organizations. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Labor protection instructions for printing organizations
Labor protection rules for printing organizations 1. General provisions 1. These Labor Protection Rules for Printing Organizations (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) are an industry normative document, which applies to printing organizations in the industry, regardless of their departmental affiliation and form of ownership. 2. The rules are valid throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, establish labor protection requirements that are mandatory for execution when organizing work, operating equipment, production areas and premises. The rules define measures aimed at preventing the impact of hazardous and harmful production factors on workers in the printing industry. 3. In printing organizations, in addition to these Rules, the requirements established in the regulations of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia, the Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, the Glavgosenergonadzor of Russia, the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and other bodies exercising supervision must be met. 4. The Rules are developed in accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Sobranie Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2002, No. 1 (Part I), Art. 3), Federal Law No. 17-FZ of July 1999, 181 "On the Fundamentals of Labor Protection in the Russian Federation" (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1999, No. 29, Art. 3702) and other normative legal acts on labor protection. 5. On the basis of the Rules, taking into account the specific conditions in the organization, in the prescribed manner, provisions and instructions on labor protection, other documents are developed or brought into line with them, which determine the safety requirements at work. 6. To organize work on labor protection and monitor compliance with labor protection requirements, the head creates a labor protection service. The structure of the service and its strength are determined depending on the number of employees, the specifics of working conditions, the degree of danger of production and other factors on the basis of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. 7. The labor protection service reports directly to the head or, on his behalf, to one of his deputies. 8. Deputy heads (employers), heads (heads) of production and sites, heads of functional services manage the activities for labor protection in the areas entrusted to them in accordance with the functions assigned to them by the head of the organization. 9. The manager and specialists, in accordance with the current legislation, are responsible for failure to fulfill their functional duties, violation of legislative and other normative acts on labor protection, obstruction of the activities of representatives of supervisory and control bodies. 10. Obligations of the employee in the field of labor protection:
11. All employees are personally responsible for violations of labor protection rules and instructions. 2. Requirements for the territory of the organization, production and auxiliary premises for technical and sanitary condition and fire safety 12. Design, construction, reconstruction of printing organizations, landscaping and maintenance of industrial and auxiliary buildings and premises must comply with the requirements of regulatory legal acts. 13. The administration of the organization is obliged to maintain buildings and premises in good technical condition, ensure their fire safety, normal sanitary and hygienic conditions and labor safety of those working in these buildings and premises. 14. The technical safety of buildings and structures must be ensured during design, construction, operation in accordance with building codes and regulations. 15. Ensuring the technical safety of buildings and structures during their operation is achieved on the basis of the implementation of the rules of operation and carrying out scheduled preventive repairs in accordance with established standards. 16. Carrying out scheduled preventive inspections and repairs of buildings and structures is assigned to the relevant service. 17. In cases of emergency damage to buildings and structures that create a danger to workers and the possibility of damage to equipment, the elimination of such damage should be carried out immediately with the suspension of work and the withdrawal of people. 18. Construction work related to new construction, reconstruction and repairs must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03 "Labor safety in construction", approved by Order of the Gosstroy of Russia dated July 23, 2001 No. 80 (registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on August 9, 2001 No. 2862). 19. Before starting construction and installation work on the territory of the organization, the customer, the general contractor and the administration of the organization are required to issue an act of admission in the established form. The heads of construction organizations and organizations are responsible for compliance with the measures provided for by the admission certificate. 20. The territory of the organization, the routes of movement of people and vehicles, as well as workplaces at night should be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents. 21. On the territory of the organization in the areas designated for smoking, it is recommended to install urns, containers with water and sand and post signs with the inscription "Smoking Area". 22. On the territory of the organization, it is recommended to provide landscaped areas for recreation and sports. Sites should be located on the windward side in relation to buildings with industries that emit harmful emissions into the atmosphere. 23. The production facilities should have first aid kits located in a visible, easily accessible place. The first-aid kit should contain dressing material, individual dressing antiseptic bags, tourniquet, splints, iodine tincture, ammonia, baking soda, 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and other medicines that do not have the inscription "Use as directed by a doctor." In addition, mold shops should have neutralizing solutions used for acid and alkali burns. Responsible for completing the first aid kit is the head of the workshop, section. For storage of personal protective equipment (glasses, respirators, gloves, headphones, etc.), special cabinets should be provided. 24. Premises for public catering, health centers, rest rooms, gyms, premises for cultural services of public organizations, labor protection rooms should be located in places where the impact of harmful production factors is minimal. 3. Requirements for production processes, materials, technological equipment and workplaces 25. The levels of hazardous and harmful production factors arising in the conditions of printing production should not exceed the permissible values provided for by state standards and sanitary and hygienic norms. 26. Production facilities must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation that provides air exchange and does not allow the concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area to exceed the established values. Equipment and production processes that are sources of excess heat, dust and harmful substances must be equipped with local exhausts at each point of release. 27. Production processes associated with the use or formation of toxic, irritating, flammable substances must be carried out in separate specially equipped rooms provided with protective equipment for workers. 28. The supply of communications to machines, machine tools, apparatus and installations using water, paint, gas, as well as electrical wiring cables and ground loops must be covered with metal sheets or reinforced concrete slabs and be safe and convenient for operation and repair. 29. Newly installed equipment must be accepted for operation by the commission of the organization with the obligatory participation of an employee of the labor protection service and drawing up an act for compliance with the requirements of these Rules and other regulatory legal acts. The equipment should be transferred to the operation of the workshop (section) only after the elimination of the shortcomings identified during the acceptance. 30. The main and auxiliary equipment must be maintained and operated in a safe, good condition, for which regular inspections, checks and repairs should be carried out within the time limits stipulated by the schedules approved in the prescribed manner. 31. Equipment stopped for inspection, cleaning or repair must be disconnected from process pipelines and energy sources. 32. When inspecting, cleaning, repairing and dismantling equipment, electric drives must be de-energized, drive belts removed, posters should be posted on starting devices: “Do not turn on - people are working” or “Do not turn on - repair”. It is forbidden to carry out repair and maintenance work on the equipment without taking measures that exclude its erroneous switching on or spontaneous movement of its parts. 33. Connecting the equipment to the electrical network and its start-up should be carried out only after the installation of protective and safety devices. 34. The organization must draw up a list of installed equipment, on the basis of which labor protection instructions are developed when working on specific equipment. 35. After the repair, the equipment is tested in various operating modes, the test results are drawn up in an act and signed by the service that performed the repair, the head of the workshop (where the equipment is operated) and a representative of the labor protection service of the organization. 36. The technical condition of high-risk equipment should be recorded in the technical condition log within the following periods:
37. The main and auxiliary equipment of printing production shops should be installed in accordance with the direction of the main cargo flow. The location of production equipment should ensure the safety and convenience of its maintenance and repair. 38. Arrangement and rearrangement of existing equipment, indicating the places of storage of semi-finished products and finished products, should be displayed on the technological layout approved by the technical manager of the organization in agreement with the chief specialists and the labor protection service. 39. Paper, cardboard, printing materials, spare parts of equipment, other material assets must be stored in specially designated premises, warehouses or on special areas of the workshop. 40. The areas of storerooms and warehouses must correspond to the stock of materials and finished products, which ensures the normal technological process of production. 41. The passport for a chemical should indicate the hazard class that regulates the conditions for its transportation and joint storage with other substances and materials. 42. When working with harmful substances, protective equipment must be used in accordance with the instructions for working with these substances. 43. Gasoline, kerosene, solvents and other combustible materials must be stored in separate rooms in compliance with fire safety requirements. 44. Chemicals and materials containing flammable, explosive or toxic components should be stored in special warehouses isolated from other premises. 45. Harmful production waste should be neutralized and recycled or disposed of. Collection and short-term storage of waste generated during work with harmful and toxic materials should be carried out in special containers and in places specially designated for this purpose. 46. Semi-finished products and finished products must be stored in warehouses or production facilities in specially designated areas (fenced off with a grid, etc.) in quantities not exceeding established standards. It is necessary to lift and move loads manually in compliance with the norms established by current legislation. 47. Between the stacks, pallets and rolls of paper, as well as between them and the walls, passages and driveways for inspections and carrying out loading and unloading operations should be provided, corresponding to the dimensions of the mechanisms and transport used. 48. Paints, flammable liquids (flammable liquids), flammable liquids (FL) must be dispensed only in closed metal containers. Open metal barrels, cans, etc. necessary only with tools coated with non-ferrous metals that do not allow sparking. 49. For dispensing and bottling of solvents, paints and varnishes, combustible-based adhesives, flammable liquids and combustible liquids, it is necessary to equip special distribution rooms equipped with exhaust ventilation, special overflow and pumping devices, as well as metal pallets with sides not lower than 5 cm. 50. For the storage of acids and alkalis in workshops in quantities not exceeding the replacement stock, special rooms or cabinets made of fireproof materials should be provided. In case of splashing or spilling of acids and alkalis in these rooms, it is necessary to have sufficient ready-made neutralizing solutions. 51. Workshops and production areas should have special trolleys for transporting paper rolls, printing cylinders and forms, paper-cutting knives, doctor blades of printing machines, machine parts and tools. The wheels of the carts must be covered with an elastic material (rubber, plastic). 52. Responsible for the storage, issue, use of materials, loading and unloading operations and transport operations in the whole enterprise and separately for workshops should be appointed as the manager. 53. In the typesetting shop in isolated rooms should be placed:
54. When working with lead alloys, the rules of personal hygiene must be observed (neutralization of the skin with a solution of acetic acid, rinsing the mouth, etc.), in the premises of the workshop, general exchange ventilation must be constantly working. 55. The room for automatic casting machines must be lined with easily cleanable sound-absorbing materials. Those working in the casting area must be provided with hearing protection and must use them while the equipment is in operation. Chairs for short-term rest of workers should be installed on the site. 56. Rooms for typing and programming machines, machine rooms of computers should be lined with sound-absorbing material, and workers in these areas should be provided with hearing protection. 57. The organization of work on typesetting and programming and other typesetting machines should include regulated work and rest regimes. 58. When carrying out uniform processes in isolated rooms, the following should be placed:
59. Molding processes should be carried out only when the general exchange supply and exhaust ventilation is in operation. 60. In the foundry equipment, devices must be provided to protect workers from the release of molten metal during the supply of the alloy, the filling of molds, and the formation of castings. 61. The hearth melting boiler, the zones for supplying the alloy and filling the molds, the box for collecting slags must be equipped with local suctions. The starting devices of the equipment must be interlocked with the inclusion of built-in local suctions. 62. Equipment (production lines) for the manufacture of polymetallic, monometallic and polymer molds must meet the following requirements:
63. The starting and control devices of the equipment must be clearly visible from the workplace, they must be freely accessible for switching on and off. 64. The preparation of matrices should be carried out on tables with side exhausts or in fume hoods with a bottom exhaust of polluted air; ventilated cabinets should be used to dry the rubber layer. 65. Graphitization should be carried out in special hermetically sealed machines. With a small amount of work, graphitization is allowed in a closed cabinet under glass, which has openings protected by fabric sleeves. 66. Silvering of vinyl plastic matrices should be carried out in fume hoods or special chambers equipped with local ventilation. 67. Solutions and electrolytes must be prepared and stored in special rooms equipped with general supply and exhaust ventilation, as well as local exhaust ventilation directly from work areas where acids, alkalis and other chemicals are handled. 68. The supply of acids, alkalis, solutions and electrolytes to the baths and the discharge of electrolytes should be carried out using special gravity or other pumping units, the control of which should be remote. 69. Local suction, mainly onboard, must be installed at bathtubs and tables for working with organic solvents, acids and alkalis. 70. Electrically conductive tires must be painted with acid-resistant paints; sections of busbars located near heat sources (steam pipes) must be thermally insulated, and busbars laid under baths must be protected by special shelters. 71. In the first-aid kits of galvanizing shops (sections), in addition to conventional medicines, there should always be petroleum jelly (for lubricating the inside of the nose and hands during chrome plating), 5% sodium hyposulfite solution (for washing off drops of chromium solution), lanolin or a mixture of glycerin with tannin (for lubricating hands), protective ointments and pastes, neutralizing solutions. 72. Processing machines (installations) must meet the following requirements:
73. General artificial lighting in the areas of installation and retouching of photoforms should be diffused, reflected from an evenly illuminated ceiling by side light sources. In areas of retouching and installation in window openings, it is necessary to provide sun blinds or curtains. Retouching consoles should have side walls that protect eyesight from additional illumination. 74. In the production premises of the photo reproduction section, it is allowed to store chemicals, alcohols, ether, photographic film in an amount not exceeding the shift requirement, in containers with an inscription on the contents. 75. Film waste should be stored in tightly closed metal boxes, after the end of the shift they should be removed from the working premises. 76. When working with arc lamps, mercury-quartz and xenon lamps, service personnel must use protective goggles with light filters. 77. Zincography in isolated rooms should contain:
78. Carrying out the firing of molds in molten salt is not allowed due to the high explosiveness of the process. 79. For the collection and storage of magnesium chips, sawdust and dust, special tight-closing metal boxes should be provided. 80. Workplaces (tables, sinks) on which plates are treated with acid, copies are developed, printing elements are deepened, copies are varnished, the tanned layer is removed, blank elements are processed, must be equipped with local suction. 81. In the manufacture of intaglio printing forms in isolated rooms should be placed:
82. Etching solutions should be stored in acid-resistant, tightly closed containers. 83. Equipment for grinding, polishing, etching and processing forms, as well as sinks, sinks must have local suction. 84. In printing shops in isolated rooms, sections should be located:
85. Technological equipment of printing shops during brigade maintenance should be equipped with light or sound alarms and a stop-and-lock system. 86. Workshops and sections of gravure printing should be located on the top floor of a multi-storey building, or in a one-story building near the outer walls, separated from other workshops and sections by fire walls, or in a separate one-story building. 87. The preparation and mixing of paints with solvents must be carried out mechanically in devices equipped with exhaust ventilation. 88. The use of benzene and benzene paints is not allowed. 89. In gravure printing rooms, electrical equipment, electric lighting and ballasts, switches and sockets must be explosion-proof; hand tools (keys, hammers, screwdrivers) are covered with non-ferrous metals. 90. Inspection and repair of equipment and tanks of recovery stations are carried out by experienced specialists (with work experience of at least three years) with the equipment turned off, using respiratory, eye and skin protection equipment. The portable tool must exclude the possibility of sparks. 91. In the manufacture of polyesterurethane rollers, areas for casting rollers, preparing roller mass and storing chemicals should be located in separate rooms. The workplaces of the sites should be equipped with local exhausts and general exchange supply and exhaust ventilation. Performing work without the use of ventilation is not allowed. 92. Diazocyanides should be stored in separate rooms equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, in dark bottles with ground-in stoppers or in iron cans with double stoppers. Apply a thin layer of paraffin to the cork. 93. Ammonia, acids, diazocyanides, alcohols and other flammable liquids must not be stored together (in cabinets and workrooms). 94. In the stitching and binding and finishing shops in isolated rooms, sections should be located:
95. The premises of the varnishing section and the film pressing section must be equipped with alarm and fire extinguishing systems. To illuminate the premises of the varnishing area, it is necessary to use incandescent lamps installed in explosion-proof fittings. Switches, sockets and fuses must be located outdoors. 96. Varnishing machines (rollers, varnishing mechanism tank, outlet grapples, drying chamber) must be equipped with local exhausts. 97. Built-in local suction on varnishing machines must be interlocked with starting devices. 98. Work in the lacquering areas and film pressing areas is only allowed when the general ventilation is in operation. 99. It is necessary to store varnish, solvents and film in a specially equipped place, in an amount not exceeding the replacement requirement. 100. Film laminating equipment must be equipped with electrostatic charge neutralization devices. The device for trimming printed products according to the format must have a fence. 101. It is not allowed to install single-knife cutting machines with adjacent working areas one opposite the other in the paper preparation area. Single-knife cutters must be located away from the main traffic flows of intra-factory transport and the passage of workers. 102. Feeders, sewing and cutting sections of inlay-sewing-cutting units must have guards interlocked with the machine drive. 103. Plastics and wood are recommended as materials for marzans. The use of marzan and gaskets made of lead alloys is not allowed. 104. Overhead conveyors carrying carriages for pressing books and overhead dryers should have strong wire or mesh guards at the bottom and sides. 105. There should be dielectric rubber mats on the floor in the HF installation room. 106. Flushing of gluing machines of stitching and binding machines should be carried out in a separate room. 107. Heating with gas or other type of fuel is allowed in apparatus equipped with a device for the complete removal of combustion products through chimneys. 108. Boilers with a water jacket must have a tap to drain the water. 109. Chemicals used for the preparation of adhesives should be stored in a separate room. 110. On the floor near the glue pots there should be wooden gratings or rubber mats with a ribbed surface. 111. Production laboratories are located in separate rooms:
112. Store flammable and combustible liquids in laboratories in an amount not exceeding the replacement requirement. The joint storage of substances whose chemical interaction can cause a fire or explosion is not allowed. 113. Only those chemicals, reagents, devices and devices that are necessary for the performance of this work may be in the workplace. 114. Concentrated solutions of acids and alkalis, as well as volatile and toxic substances should be stored in tightly closed containers and only under draft (in a fume hood). 115. All work in the laboratory related to the possibility of releasing toxic or flammable and explosive vapors and gases should be carried out only in fume hoods equipped with upper and lower exhausts; suctions, as well as sides that prevent liquid from draining to the floor. Do not use fume hoods with broken glass or faulty ventilation. 116. It is forbidden to carry out work in a fume hood, where there are materials and equipment that are not used in the operation being performed. 117. It is not allowed to install a fume hood directly at the door. 118. Supply and exhaust ventilation in the premises of all laboratories should be turned on five minutes before the start of work and turned off at the end of the working day. The efficiency of ventilation installations with the help of special devices must be checked by persons responsible for the operation of ventilation systems. It is forbidden to carry out work in the laboratory with faulty ventilation. 119. In isolated rooms, repair and mechanical sections should be located:
120. Repair and mechanical work must be carried out in accordance with the technological requirements, the schedule for scheduled preventive repairs and labor protection instructions, using personal protective equipment. 121. For storage of parts, blanks and waste, sites with special racks, boxes, containers should be provided. Storage of tools in machine beds is allowed if this is specifically provided for by the design of the bed. 122. For the storage of small parts near the repaired equipment, it is necessary to provide special containers. 123. In the premises of mechanical repair shops, at least once a month, it is recommended to carry out general cleaning and cleaning of panels, walls, columns and windows. 4. Requirements for work with increased danger 124. Taking into account the specifics in each printing organization, a List of works with increased danger should be developed, agreed with the trade union committee of the organization or other representative body authorized by employees and approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization. 125. Works with increased danger in areas of constant action of hazardous production factors, the occurrence of which is not related to the nature of the work performed, must be carried out according to a work permit. 126. The work permit determines the place of performance, the content of work with increased danger, the conditions for their safe conduct, the time of commencement and completion of work, the composition of the team and persons responsible for safety in the performance of these works. 127. Persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a medical examination, trained in a special program and certified by the permanent examination commission of the organization are allowed to work with increased danger. 128. For work with increased danger, in the performance of which several workshops and services of the organization take part (hereinafter referred to as combined work), work permits must be issued by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization or by his order deputies or chief specialists of the organization. 129. For work with increased danger performed by contractors, work permits must be issued by authorized persons of contractors. Such work permits must be signed by the relevant officials of the organization or workshop where these works will be carried out. 130. Responsible for safety when performing work on work permits are:
131. The list of officials who have the right to issue work permits for the performance of work with increased danger, and persons who can be appointed responsible work managers and responsible work producers, must be reviewed annually and approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization. 132. Persons issuing work permits determine the need for work and the possibility of their safe performance, are responsible for the correctness and completeness of the security measures indicated in the work permit. 133. The responsible manager of work with increased danger must establish the scope of work, the necessary organizational and technical measures to ensure the safety of workers during their performance, determine the size of the team and the qualifications of the persons included in the team to perform these works, appoint a permitting and responsible work foreman. 134. The admitting person may be appointed from among the management staff of the unit where these works are performed, and must monitor the implementation of the organizational and technical measures provided for in the work permit, give the brigade permission to perform work with increased danger. 135. The responsible work foreman (supervisor) is appointed from among the management staff, as well as the foremen of the service performing work with increased danger, and must supervise the work of direct executors, supervise the observance of safety rules by members of the team, the correct use of personal protective equipment, the serviceability of the tools used, the presence and working condition of fences, protective and blocking devices. 136. The responsible manager of works with increased danger is obliged:
137. Persons appointed as permitting or responsible foremen of work must be certified by a permanent commission of the organization for knowledge of labor protection rules and rules for the arrangement and safe operation of facilities controlled by Gosgortekhnadzor. 138. The responsible work foreman (supervisor), having accepted the object (place) of work from the one who allows it, is responsible for the correct implementation of the safety measures necessary during production, for instructing team members, for observing safety requirements, for the availability and serviceability of tools, inventory, protective equipment, rigging devices, for the safety of fences, posters, locking devices installed at the work site. 139. The responsible foreman (supervisor) is prohibited from combining supervision with the performance of any other work. 140. Employees of a workshop (site) from among the repair or operational personnel who are well aware of the equipment on which the work will be carried out, who are able to conduct detailed briefings of the team members, who are able to provide supervision over their actions during the production of work, certified and admitted to these works in the prescribed manner, may be appointed as responsible workers (supervisors). 141. In exceptional cases, a combination of duties is allowed if the person who combines has the right to perform the duties of the persons being replaced. At the same time, it is prohibited to combine the duties of a responsible work producer and a permitting one. 142. Members of the brigade performing work with increased danger are responsible for the implementation of the instructions received during admission to work, for the correct use of the protective equipment provided at their disposal, for taking measures to ensure the safety of the brigade members. 143. A responsible work foreman (supervisor) when performing work with increased danger should be appointed for each shift according to a shift schedule. 144. When performing combined work in a workshop (subdivision), the person who issued the work permit may be the head of the workshop (subdivision) or the head of the contractor conducting the work. 145. The person who issued the work permit for combined work must additionally ensure the coordination of combined work in terms of volume, timing and security measures with the head of the unit where these works will be carried out. 146. The head of the unit in which the combined work is supposed to be performed must allocate a zone for the production of work and ensure the implementation of measures for the safety of workers determined by the work permit. 147. In case of combined work, the head of the unit, together with the responsible work manager and the responsible work foreman, must organize control and ensure the implementation of the activities specified in the work permit. 148. The work permit for the performance of work with increased danger must be issued before the start of these works. 149. The work permit should be issued in the unit where work with increased danger will be carried out. The issuance of a work permit must be recorded in a special journal. 150. A work permit can be issued for one shift or for the entire period of work, with the continuous nature of their conduct, with an extension for each shift and issued for one responsible work foreman (supervisor) with one team. The extension of the work permit must be issued and carried out by the person admitting to work before the start of each shift. 151. The work permit must be issued in two copies and filled out with clear records. Correction of the text is not allowed. 152. When performing work with increased danger by the forces of two or more teams at the same facility, a work permit must be issued to the responsible work foreman for each team (signed by one person who draws up the work permit). When issuing work permits, measures should be developed to ensure the safety of workers, taking into account the joint nature of the performance of work by teams. 153. Production sites, production lines on which the production process has been completely stopped, as well as buildings and structures located outside the operating divisions of organizations, allocated for the performance of work with increased danger by the forces of a contractor or other division, must be transferred to them for the performance of work in the prescribed manner. In this case, the issuance of a work permit and ensuring the safety of workers are entrusted to the administration that organizes work with increased danger. 154. Work near existing power lines and hidden communications should be carried out in the prescribed manner, and the relevant documents (communication schemes) should be attached to the permit. 155. Before allowing members of the team to perform work with increased danger, the responsible work foreman, together with the admitting person, must check the implementation of the technical and organizational measures provided for in the work permit for the preparation of the place of work. 156. After checking the implementation of measures, the work permit must be issued in the work permit signed by the responsible work foreman. 157. If, when checking the implementation of measures, the admitting or responsible work foreman has doubts about ensuring safe working conditions for the team members, they should obtain clarification from the responsible work manager. 158. Allowing the admission of members of the brigade to work is obliged:
159. After the admission of the team members to work, one copy of the work permit must remain with the responsible manufacturer, the second - with the person who issued it. 160. From the moment the team members are admitted to work, supervision over the safe conduct of work should be carried out by a responsible work supervisor. 161. When performing work with increased danger by one team in different rooms, the responsible foreman must be in the place where there is the greatest need for supervision over the safe conduct of work. 162. If it is necessary to temporarily stop work at the direction of the responsible work supervisor, the responsible work foreman must remove the team members from the place of work and return the work permit to the responsible work supervisor. 163. During a break in work during the work shift (lunch break, break for production reasons), the members of the team must be removed from the place of work, the work permit must be kept by the responsible foreman. After the break, team members can start work with the permission of the responsible foreman. 164. After the end of the working day, workplaces must be put in order, the work permit must be handed over to the responsible work manager or the person who issued the work permit. 165. Work must be stopped, the work permit is withdrawn and returned to the person who issued it, in the following cases:
166. Interrupted work can be started only after the elimination of deficiencies and obtaining a work permit. 167. Before the work permit is closed, it is forbidden to put into operation an object where work with increased danger was performed. 168. If an accident or an accident occurred during the performance of work on a work permit, this work permit should be attached to the materials of the investigation into the causes and circumstances of the accident or accident. 169. The person who issued the work permit is responsible for the entire range of work performance issues, for the correctness and completeness of the safety measures specified in the work permit, for disconnecting the repaired site from energy carriers and pipelines with substances hazardous to human health, for the compliance of the qualifications of the performers with the assigned work, for their instruction and the procedure for admission to work. 5. Monitoring the state of labor protection 170. In printing organizations, labor protection is monitored:
171. Operational control over compliance with standards, rules, norms and instructions on labor safety is carried out by the immediate supervisor. 172. The labor protection service monitors compliance with labor safety requirements in all structural divisions and services of the organization. 173. Public control is carried out by labor protection commissions under the trade union committees of organizations, authorized by the trade union (trusted) persons for labor protection and other authorized employees of representative bodies. 174. Three-stage control of the state of labor protection: I stage of control. Every day, before starting work (shift), the foreman of the site, together with the public inspector for labor protection (or the authorized representative for labor protection), checks:
In addition, they get acquainted with the entries in the log of the technical condition of the equipment. The results of the check are recorded in the log of the three-stage control of the site (workshop) and measures are taken to eliminate the identified shortcomings. II stage of control. Every week, the head of the workshop, together with the commissioner for labor protection, checks the condition of the production premises, workplaces and working conditions in the workshop; implementation of measures to eliminate the shortcomings found at the I stage of control; the state of illumination and the efficiency of ventilation installations; condition of equipment, fixtures and tools; availability, condition and use of overalls and personal protective equipment, etc. In addition, selectively check employees' knowledge of the rules and instructions for labor protection. The results of the check are recorded in the workshop log of a three-stage control and measures are planned to eliminate the identified shortcomings. III level of control. Every month, a commission led by the chief engineer of the organization checks the state of working conditions in the organization. The commission consists of: chief specialists (technologist, mechanic, power engineer), chairman of the labor protection commission of the trade union committee, labor protection engineer, an employee of the first-aid post (health center) and a firefighter. Members of the commission check the condition of production premises and workplaces, the implementation of measures to eliminate deficiencies found at stages I and II of control, the condition of technological and power equipment, the implementation of organizational and technical measures, orders, as well as decisions of the trade union committee on labor protection, the state of collective and individual protective equipment. The results of the commission's work are recorded in the journal of three-stage control. The results of the audit are considered at the operational meeting. The chief engineer makes the necessary decisions on all issues discussed. The meeting outlines specific measures to improve safety and improve working conditions. Based on the results of the meeting, the necessary document is drawn up. 6. Requirements for professional selection, instruction, training and testing of knowledge of the rules on labor protection of workers 175. Persons of the relevant profession, specialty and qualifications who have undergone duly formalized training and instruction in labor protection are allowed to operate equipment and perform technological processes. 176. Managers and specialists must have education and professional training corresponding to their positions, and workers - professional training in the amount of qualification requirements and practical skills in performing production operations. 177. For all employees who have a break in work in this type of work, position, profession for more than three years, and when working with increased danger - more than one year, labor protection training must be organized before starting independent work. 178. Training in the preparation of workers, retraining, obtaining a second profession, advanced training, as well as on labor protection directly in organizations is organized by an employee of the personnel department and conducted at the production site under the guidance of a foreman, foreman, highly skilled worker or other specialist who has the necessary training according to programs developed and approved in the prescribed manner. 179. Employees who have not undergone the necessary instruction or have been instructed, but who have shown unsatisfactory knowledge, are not allowed to work. They are required to re-instruct. 180. The employer is responsible for organizing timely and high-quality training and testing knowledge on labor protection in the organization as a whole, and in subdivisions (workshop, site, department, laboratory, workshop, etc.) - the head of the subdivision. 181. The main goal of training labor protection for managers and specialists is to develop in them the necessary knowledge to organize training and control of knowledge on labor protection among employees of the organization and to ensure proper labor protection in the organization as a whole. 182. Testing knowledge on labor protection of managers and specialists of organizations is carried out taking into account their official duties and the nature of production activities, as well as those regulatory acts on labor protection, the provision and compliance with the requirements of which are part of their official duties. 183. An extraordinary test of knowledge on labor protection of managers and specialists should be carried out:
7. Requirements for the use of protective equipment for workers 184. Employees engaged in work with harmful or hazardous working conditions, as well as work performed in special temperature conditions or associated with pollution, should be issued free of charge certified special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment (PPE), in accordance with the approved Rules for providing workers with special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment, approved by Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated December 18, 1998 No. 51 (registered in the Ministry of Justice of Russia February 5, 1999 No. 1700). In some cases, in accordance with the specifics of production, the employer may, in agreement with the state labor inspector and the trade union body or other representative body authorized by employees, replace one type of PPE with another that provides more complete protection from dangerous and harmful production factors. 185. PPE issued to employees should be assigned to them, correspond to their gender, height and size, the nature and conditions of the work performed, and ensure labor safety. The acquisition and issuance of PPE to employees who do not have a certificate of conformity are not allowed. 186. PPE for collective use should be issued to employees only for the duration of the work for which they are intended, or may be assigned to a specific workplace and transferred from one shift to another. In these cases, duty PPE is issued under the responsibility of the master or other persons authorized by the employer. 187. The issuance and surrender of PPE to employees should be recorded on the employee's personal card. 188. Workers should not be allowed to work without the provided PPE, in faulty, unrepaired, contaminated special clothing and special footwear, as well as with faulty PPE. 189. PPE (respirators, gas masks, safety belts, helmets, etc.) must be periodically tested and checked for serviceability within the time limits established by the regulatory and technical documentation for them. After checking the serviceability of the PPE, a mark (stamp, stamp) should be made on the timing of the subsequent test. Filters, glasses and other parts of PPE with reduced protective properties should be replaced in a timely manner. 190. The organization should provide for proper storage, centralized laundry, dry cleaning and repair of PPE. In general cases, washing of special clothing should be carried out: in case of heavy contamination - once a week, in case of moderate contamination - after 10 days. 191. The employer is obliged to replace or repair special clothing and special footwear that have become unusable before the end of the wearing period for reasons beyond the control of the employee. In case of loss or damage of PPE in the designated places of their storage for reasons beyond the control of employees, the employer is obliged to issue them with other serviceable PPE. 192. Workers using PPE should be trained in the use of these devices and how to check their serviceability. 193. The use of expired PPE is prohibited. 194. Workers should take care of the PPE issued for their use. For the storage of PPE issued to employees, specially equipped rooms (dressing rooms) or individual cabinets are provided. 195. PPE should be ready before the start of the work process. 196. PPE should be used in cases where the safety of work cannot be ensured by other means. These funds are of an auxiliary nature and should not replace technical and organizational measures to ensure normal working conditions. 8. Sleep and rest mode 197. The regime of work and rest for employees should be established in accordance with applicable law and taking into account the conditions and intensity of labor existing in the organization, the characteristics and nature of technological processes, the degree of automation and mechanization of production (for example: for typesetters manually, on machines and computers, work and rest regimes should be different in duration and content). 198. The start and end time of daily work (shift) is determined by the internal labor regulations and shift schedules in accordance with applicable law. Shift schedules must be approved by the head of the organization, taking into account the opinion of the representative body of employees, in compliance with the established duration of the working week. Shift schedules should be communicated to employees. The rotation of workers in shifts should be uniform. 199. For certain types of work, employees may be granted special breaks during working hours due to the technology and organization of production and labor. The types of these works, the duration and procedure for granting such breaks are established by the internal labor regulations of the organization. 200. For those working in unfavorable working conditions, in the presence of toxic substances in the air of the working area, special premises should be allocated for active recreation (rest rooms, psychological relief, etc.). 201. For drivers, the regime of work and rest is determined by the Regulation on working hours and rest time for car drivers, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of Russia of June 25, 1999 No. 16 (registered with the Ministry of Justice of Russia on August 23, 1999, No. 1874). 9. Responsibility for violation of the rules and control over their implementation 202. For violations of the requirements of these Rules or other normative legal acts on labor protection, the guilty persons bear disciplinary, administrative, criminal and civil liability in the prescribed manner. 203. The employer is responsible for the implementation of these Rules and other normative legal acts on labor protection, as well as for the state of labor protection in the organization. 204. Responsible for the implementation of these Rules, norms and instructions on labor protection in structural divisions, for ensuring healthy and safe working conditions are the heads of structural divisions.
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