53. The essence of a religious cult

A religious cult is a set of religious rituals. The specificity of religious rituals lies in their ideological content and orientation, i.e., exactly what ideas, ideas, myths and images they embody in symbolic form.

religious cult - there is a real, socially-objectified form of influence on the subject of religious faith. It follows from this that it cannot be considered outside and apart from religious beliefs, of which it is a symbolic embodiment.

From a scientific point of view, any rites, including religious ones, have a social nature. Rituals are compromises that create symbolic conditions for the realization of desired activities.

Rites in general, and religious rites in particular, are by no means spontaneous manifestations of the unconscious impulses of the individual. It is through religious rites that an individual joins one or another confessional community, it is cult actions that are an important means of "catching souls" for religious organizations.

The impact of a religious cult on believers is carried out in several main areas. Religious rites are canonical. Any changes in the cult system are considered by the church as heresy. Stereotypes of cult behavior suggest a certain repetition of them within different time periods: days, weeks, years. In Orthodoxy, for example, there are three so-called "circles of worship": daily, weekly (weekly) and annual. The daily circle includes church services that take place daily at different times of the day.

As religious studies have long noted, the cult is the most conservative element of the religious complex. Through the system of rituals, a religious worldview penetrates into the consciousness of a person. It is not uncommon that the ideological "cultivation" of a person, his introduction to the community of believers, begins precisely with initiation into a cult.

Cult traditions contribute to the formation and renewal of stereotypes of religious consciousness and behavior among the mass of believers. On the other hand, there are many archaic elements in the system of cult traditions that are alien to modern man. In the system of Catholic worship, for example, for many centuries only a dead Latin language was used, which was not understood by the parishioners. The Second Vatican Council replaced the Latin language of worship with national languages. However, as some researchers note, this reform also revealed consequences that were unexpected for its initiators: the translation of the service clearly revealed archaic and absurd elements in the text of Catholic services that had previously remained hidden to the worshipers.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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