45. Mystical transcendence of the word: "the darkness that is above the mind"

Mysticism - this is unity with God on the basis of personal supersensible and superlogical knowledge, through an ecstatic impulse to the Absolute, without the visible mediation of a church or a religious community. In Judaism, Christianity and Islam, mystical currents, opposed to the main doctrine, take shape on the periphery of the doctrine and sometimes quite late - like, for example, Kabbalah (VIII-XIII centuries) and the Hasidic movement (from the beginning of the XVIII century) in Judaism.

Mysticism is fraught with heresy, therefore the official church is always cautious in relation to mysticism.

Mystics tend to consider themselves God's chosen ones, possessors of the knowledge of Truth through extreme mental states and processes. They are often distinguished by contempt for conventions in one way or another - indifference to the canonical cult.

If mysticism is opposed to religious rationalism and religious positivism, then the main features of the mystical attitude to the word can be presented as follows:

1) a Christian mystic will speak out for apophatic (negative) theology. Therefore, Christian theology recognizes, along with apophatic, cataphatic (positive) knowledge about God, but at the same time believes that apophatic knowledge is superior to cataphatic knowledge, and even higher and closer to the Absolute is silence;

2) the mystic is not satisfied with verbal communication and is looking for other channels of communication - including intuitive, non-rational, paranormal, pathological ones;

3) simple and clear speech the mystic prefers reticence;

4) the mystic does not seek to be understood. Rather, he will try to captivate the neophyte with the beauty of mystery and the poetry of misunderstanding.

Early Christianity, living on the recent memory of Jesus Christ and faith in his imminent second coming, in unity with God, was profoundly mystical in its aspirations.

In the post-apostolic history of Christianity, almost every age, and especially the time of crises, upheavals and transitional epochs, is marked by mystical quests. In modern times, the search for other, closer and more personal ties with God led to the formation of new mystical teachings and movements.

Among them, in particular, are the Jansenists (heterodox Catholics of France and Holland in the 2th-XNUMXth centuries); quietists (Catholic opponents of the Jesuits in France in the XNUMXth century); Pietists - a conservative anti-intellectualistic unorthodox movement in German Protestantism; the Quaker movement - radical Protestants and complete pacifists; Russian sects of so-called spiritual Christians, ascetics and opponents of ritual belief, which arose from the XNUMXnd half of the XNUMXth century. (Khlysty, Molokans, Doukhobors, Skoptsy).

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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