History of world religions. Ancient Chinese mythology (most important)

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History of world religions. Ancient Chinese mythology (most important)

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14. Ancient Chinese mythology

In Chinese mythology, we meet with the deification of the realities that form the environment of human existence. All nature is animated - every thing, place and phenomenon has its own demons.

The same is true of the dead. The veneration of the souls of dead ancestors subsequently led to the formation of the cult of ancestors and contributed to the conservative thinking in ancient China.

A feature of the development of Chinese philosophical thought is the influence of the so-called wise men - sages. Their names are unknown, but it is known that it was they who began to go beyond the mythological vision of the world and strove for its conceptual understanding.

Chinese philosophy is internally unusually stable. This stability was based on emphasizing the exclusivity of the Chinese way of thinking, on the basis of which a sense of superiority and intolerance to all other philosophical views was formed.

The classical books of Chinese learning are different from the texts written in the so-called new script. A dispute began about the interpretation of their content, about the meaning of old and new texts.

The creator of orthodox Confucianism as a state ideology, Dong Zhongshu, considered the author of the classic books of Confucius. However, supporters of the old texts assigned Confucius only the role of an interpreter. The book of songs (XI-VI centuries BC) is a collection of ancient folk poetry.

The Book of History (beginning of the 1st millennium BC) - also known as Shang shu (Shan documents) - is a collection of official documents describing historical events. The Book of Order (XNUMXth-XNUMXst centuries BC) includes three parts: the Order of the Zhou era, the Order of Ceremonies, and Notes on Order.

It contains a description of the proper organization of ceremonies.

The Book of Spring and Autumn, together with the commentary of Zuo (XNUMXth century BC), is a chronicle of the state of Lu.

The Book of Changes (XII-VI centuries BC) is the most important. It contains the first ideas about the world and man in Chinese philosophy.

The "Book of Changes" laid the foundations and principles for the development of philosophical thinking in China.

The source texts are based on 64 hexagrams, i.e. symbols formed by combinations of six lines.

The principles of yin and yang are involved in the relationship between heaven and earth, in the affairs of this limited world, and in the movement of the world. Yang is defined as something active, all-pervading, illuminating the way of knowing things; for yin the passive role of expectation, the dark beginning is defined. However, this is not a dualistic explanation, for yin and yang cannot reveal their action without each other.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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