History of world religions. "Spiritual Armor" of Islamic Theology (Most Important)

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History of world religions. "Spiritual Armor" of Islamic Theology (Most Important)

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34. "Spiritual armor" of Islamic theology

Islam is not only faith and religion. Islam is a way of life, the Qur'an is an "Arabian judicial book", and it is this "interlacing" of Islam in everyday and responsible life situations that creates the fundamental originality of Islam and explains the main collisions of Islamic theology. In comparison with Islam, Christian theology appears as an extremely speculative and abstract, intellectual "art for art's sake" far from life.

Specifically, Muslim dogmatic problems are connected with the question of the creation or non-creation of the Koran. After a century and a half of discussions, the fundamentalist opinion about uncreatedness won: the Qur'an "before the creator is not created."

Theology has always occupied an exceptionally prestigious place in Islamic civilization. Muslims saw in it not only high wisdom, but also practically important knowledge, the key to the Revelation of Allah and the "Sunnah" of the Prophet, to Islamic law - Sharia. At the same time, the high prestige of knowledge or occupation, as a rule, does not get along with its mass character and accessibility. This circumstance, as well as the conservative-protective tendencies essential for Islam as a religion of the Scriptures and for the early Muslim society in general - all this strengthened the features of the closed and authoritarian system of "Islam's spiritual armor" in Islamic theology.

The desire to narrow the circle of theologians and hinder access to theological information already in 892 caused a special decree of the caliph in Baghdad banning booksellers from selling books on dogmatics, dialectics and philosophy.

The regulation of theology in Islam was achieved, firstly, by limiting access to information and, secondly, by early and strict dogmatization of the main doctrinal truths.

The Islamic full creed is called akida (Arabic "faith, dogma"). The Sunnis have several sets of dogmas: the most popular is attributed to Abu Hanifa (VIII century), then the code of the XIII century. and the end of the XNUMXth century.

There is also an abbreviated Creed - "Shahada" (from Arabic shahida - to testify).

"Shahada", like the Christian Symbol, begins with a verb in the 1st person singular, translated as "I testify."

The Islamic Symbol contains a concise summary of the two main tenets of Islam:

1) there is one, only, eternal and almighty God - Allah;

2) Allah chose an Arab from Mecca, Mohammed, as his messenger.

There is no catechesis: the convert to Islam is not required to undergo prior training in the basics of faith. Muslims do not have the clergy as a class with special grace.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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