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История мировых религий. Откровения в Священном писании христиан. Канонизация христианских текстов (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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26. Revelations in the Holy Scriptures of Christians. Canonization of Christian texts

The revelation of God, begun in the Old Testament, is completed in the New Testament.

The communicative triad of "participants in communication" (God - the Messenger of God - People), to whom the Revelation of God is addressed, becomes more complicated in the New Testament. Each "participant of communication" appears in several images.

On the one hand, God is not only Jehovah, God the Father, but also God the Son, who is also the incarnate Word of God, and, moreover, God the Holy Spirit.

On the other hand, the functions of mediation between God and people in the New Testament are also carried out in several planes. First, the Messenger is God himself, that is, the Son of God and the incarnate Word of God. Secondly, the mediators between Christ and people are those of his 12 disciples whom Jesus chose and named apostles.

To present the structure of Revelation in Christianity, let's try to answer three questions.

What is the direct speech of God the Father in Christian Scripture? First, it is the Revelation inherited by Christianity from the Old Testament. Secondly, the Word of God sent to people is the Son of God, Jesus Christ. According to Christian theology, "the love of the Father, witnessed to men by the message of His Son, is the main revelation brought by Jesus."

What is the direct speech of Jesus Christ? First, the instructions and parables of the Sermon on the Mount, which supplements the Old Testament Ten Commandments with the commandments of love, meekness and humility. Secondly, other gospel parables, speeches and sayings of Jesus, among which his "Farewell speeches and prayers" are sometimes singled out as a definite whole.

What does the word Gospel mean in the New Testament (Greek euangelion - good, joyful news; gospel)? This word is included in the titles of the four canonical Gospels: “The Gospel of Matthew,” “The Gospel of Mark,” “The Gospel of Luke,” and “The Gospel of John.” Therefore, in these contexts, the Gospel is the narrative of Christ's followers about the earthly life and death of the Teacher.

In Christianity, work on determining the canonical text of the books of the "New Testament" began in the 185nd century. The famous Christian theologian and philosopher Origen (254-70), the son of a Greek, who lived in Alexandria and Palestine, carried out a grandiose systematic comparison of six different texts of the Bible. According to legend, there were 70 translators (interpreters) who created the Septuagint. Each of them independently translated the text of the Old Testament and then it turned out that all XNUMX translations matched letter for letter. Origen consistently noted all the omissions, discrepancies and distortions of the text with special signs.

Authors: Pankin S.F., Mortova E.A.

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